| 1. |
- Glimskär Stålberg, Karin, 1971-
(författare)
-
Prenatal Ultrasound and X-ray - Potentially Adverse Effects on the CNS
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim with this thesis was to assess the impact of prenatal ultrasound exposure on psychotic illness, childhood brain tumors (CBT) and school achievement, and to evaluate prenatal X-ray exposure and the risk of CBT.In a cohort study, children born in Malmö 1973-1978, where prenatal ultrasound was used routinely, were considered exposed (n=13, 212) and children born at hospitals with no use of ultrasound, were considered unexposed (n=357,733). Exposed men had a tendency toward a higher risk of schizophrenia. For other psychoses there were no differences between groups. Other factors related to place of birth might have influenced the results. In a case control study, children born 1975-1984 with a diagnosis of CBT (n=512), and randomly selected control children (n=524) were included. Exposure data on X-ray and ultrasound from antenatal records was completed with information from the Medical Birth Register. We found no overall increased risk for CBT after prenatal X-ray exposure. When stratifying by histological subgroups, primitive neuroectodermal tumors had the highest risk estimates. For ultrasound exposure, no increased risk for CBT was seen and numbers of examinations or gestational age at exposure had no substantial impact on the results. In a follow-up of a randomized trial on prenatal ultrasound scanning 1985-87, we assessed the children’s school grades when graduating from primary school (15-16 years of age). We performed analyses according to randomization, ultrasound exposure in the second trimester and exposure at any time during pregnancy. There were no differences in school performance for boys or girls according to randomization or exposure in the second trimester. Boys exposed to ultrasound any time during fetal life had a reduced mean score in physical education and small, non-significant increased risk of poor school performance in general.
|
|
| 2. |
- Stålberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal exposure to medicines and the risk of childhood brain tumor
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 34:4, s. 400-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Childhood brain tumors are associated with high mortality and morbidity but little is known about its causes About half of women use medicines when pregnant and some of the medicines commonly used might be carcinogenic Objective The aim with this population-based case-control study was to analyze associations between specific groups of medicines taken during pregnancy and the risk of brain tumor in the offspring Methods All children. up to 15 years of age, born in Sweden between 1975 and 1984 were eligible for the study. Cases (N = 512) were children diagnosed with brain tumor and controls (N = 525) were randomly selected from the Medical Birth Register Exposure data on medicines was extracted blindly from antenatal medical records and grouped according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical van code Information on maternal reproductive history was received from the Medical Birth Register We used logistic regression to estimate associations between fetal exposure to medicines and childhood brain tumor Results No significant changes in risk were noted after exposure to iron supplementation, antiemetics, analgesics, antibiotics or any other main ATC group A tendency of protective effect was seen for prenatal exposure to folic acid (adjusted OR 0 6, 95% Cl 03-1.1). Ten children with a diagnosis of brain tumor had been exposed to beta-blocking agents in fetal life as compared to two children without brain tumor (adjusted OR 5 3.95% Cl 1.2-24 8) Conclusions In this case-control study, an increased risk of brain tumor was seen in children exposed to beta-blocking agents during fetal life However, due to the low number of exposed the interpretation of this finding should be made with caution.
|
|
| 3. |
- Stålberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal ultrasound and the risk of childhood brain tumour and its subtypes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 98:7, s. 1285-1287
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a nationwide case-control study of childhood brain tumours in Sweden (n=512) by histological subtype in relation to prenatal ultrasound, extracting data from antenatal records and the Medical Birth Register. We found no increased risk for brain tumour after ultrasound exposure, either for all tumours or for any subgroup.
|
|
| 4. |
- Stålberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal ultrasound exposure and children’s school performance at age 15-16; follow-up of a randomised controlled trial
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 34:3, s. 297-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the association between prenatal ultrasound exposure and school performance at 15-16 years of age. Methods The study population consisted of children born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial on the second-trimester ultrasound examination in Sweden from 1985 to 1987. Information about the children's grades when graduating from primary school and information on socioeconomic factors was obtained from Swedish nationwide registers. Comparisons were made using linear and logistic regression analyses according to randomization to ultrasound, ultrasound exposure in the second trimester and ultrasound exposure at an), time during pregnancy. Boys and girls were analyzed separately. Results Of the 4756 singleton children from the randomized trial, we identified 4458 (94%) in the National School Register. There were no statistically significant differences in school performance for boys or girls according to randomization or exposure to ultrasound in the second trimester. Compared to those who were unexposed, boys exposed to ultrasound at least once at any time during fetal life bad a tendency towards lower mean school grades in general (-4.39 points; 95% CI, -9.59 to 0.81. (max possible, 320) points) and in physical education (-0.45 points; 95% CI, -0.91 to 0.01 (max possible, 20) points), but the differences did not reach significance. Conclusion In general, routine ultrasound examination in the second trimester bad no effect on overall school performance in teenagers.
|
|
| 5. |
- Stålberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal ultrasound scanning and the risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 18:5, s. 577-582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prenatal ultrasound exposure has been associated with increased prevalence of left-hand or mixed-hand preference, and has been suggested to affect the normal lateralization of the fetal brain. Atypical lateralization is more common in patients with schizophrenia. We evaluated possible associations of prenatal ultrasound with schizophrenia and other psychoses. METHODS: We identified a cohort of individuals born in Sweden 1973-1978. During this period, one Swedish hospital (Malmö University Hospital) performed prenatal ultrasound on a routine basis, and all individuals born at that hospital were considered exposed to ultrasound. Children born at hospitals where ultrasound was not used routinely or selectively were considered unexposed. We used Poisson regression analysis to estimate the effect of ultrasound exposure on the incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses. RESULTS: In all, 370,945 individuals were included in the study, of whom 13,212 were exposed to ultrasound. The exposed group demonstrated a tendency toward a higher risk of schizophrenia (among men, crude incidence rate ratio = 1.58 [95% confidence interval = 0.99-2.51]; among women, 1.26 [0.62-2.55]). However, men and women born in several of the 7 tertiary level hospitals without ultrasound scanning also had higher risks of schizophrenia compared with those born in other hospitals. For other psychoses there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: No clear associations between prenatal ultrasound exposure and schizophrenia or other psychoses were found. Other factors related to place of birth might have influenced the results.
|
|
| 6. |
- Stålberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal X-ray and childhood brain tumours : A population-based case-control study on tumour subtypes
- 2007
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:11, s. 1583-1587
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated childhood brain tumours by histological subtype in relation to prenatal X-ray among all children, less than 15 years of age, born in Sweden between 1975 and 1984. For each case, one control was randomly selected from the Medical Birth Register, and exposure data on prenatal X-ray were extracted blindly from antenatal medical records. Additional information on maternal reproductive history was obtained from the Medical Birth Register. We found no overall increased risk for childhood brain tumour after prenatal abdominal X-ray exposure (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.62); primitive neuroectodermal tumours had the highest risk estimate (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 0.92–3.83).
|
|
