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| 2. |
- Pettersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the flexibility of wet cellulose fibres using atomic force microscopy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : SPRINGER. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 24:10, s. 4139-4149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexibility and modulus of elasticity data for two types of wet cellulose fibres using a direct force-displacement method by means of AFM are reported for never dried wet fibres immersed in water. The flexibilities for the bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSW) fibres are in the range of 4-38 x 10(12) N-1 m(-2) while the flexibilities for the thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres are about one order of magnitude lower. For BSW the modulus of elasticity ranges from 1 to 12 MPa and for TMP between 15-190 MPa. These data are lower than most other available pulp fibre data and comparable to a soft rubber band. Reasons for the difference can be that our measurements with a direct method were performed using never dried fibres immersed in water while other groups have employed indirect methods using pulp with different treatments.
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| 3. |
- Stenström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Condition monitoring of cracks and wear in mining mills using water squirter ultrasonics
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Condition Monitoring. - : British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing (BINDT). - 2047-6426. ; 5:1, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mining mills are continuously exposed to loads that give rise to wear of the liners, as well as fatigue and crack development in the steel shell. The feasibility of using water squirter ultrasonics for condition monitoring of the shell and the lining of mining mills during operation has been studied in this paper. This method will make it possible to monitor cracks in mining mills without stopping them, which can result in significant monetary savings due to less downtime and increased product quality. The practical requirements of such a system were first analysed, which shows that it is possible to achieve the spatial resolution of 1 × 1 mm, using a pulse-echo set-up with a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 6 kHz. Experiments were then performed on a lab-scale prototype, where typical defects were introduced. The results show that it is possible to detect and image internal defects down to a size of around 1 × 0.4 mm.
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| 4. |
- Stenström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Mining mill condition monitoring using water jet ultrasonics
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 1913-1916
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using a water jet ultrasound scanning system for condition monitoring of the shell of a rotating mining mill. The practical requirements of such a system were first analyzed, which shows that it is possible to achieve the spatial resolution of 1±1 mm, using a pulse-echo setup with a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 6 kHz. Experiments were then performed on a lab-scale prototype, where typical defects were introduced. The results show that it is possible to detect and image internal defects down to a size of around than 1 ± 0.4 mm.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the detection limit of Ni-59 at the Lund AMS facility by using characteristic projectile X-rays
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 160:4, s. 510-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an ultra-sensitive method for counting atoms, both radionuclides and stable nuclides. When using small tandem accelerators to measure heavy isotopes, interfering isobars are often troublesome. One way to reduce this interference is to combine AMS with the detection of characteristic X-rays of the projectile. After analysis in the AMS system it is possible to identify ions of different atomic number by their characteristic X-rays, by slowing down the ions in a suitable target. In this paper, the detection limit of Ni-59 at the Land AMS facility is reported. A method for the chemical extraction of nickel from stainless steel, combined with a purification step to reduce the cobalt content in the sample by several orders of magnitude, is also described. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Birgersson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Flexibility and Function of Distal Substrate-Binding Tryptophans in the Blue Mussel β-Mannanase MeMan5A and Their Role in Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Catalysts. - 2073-4344. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-Mannanases hydrolyze β-mannans, important components of plant and microalgae cell walls. Retaining β-mannanases can also catalyze transglycosylation, forming new β-mannosidic bonds that are applicable for synthesis. This study focused on the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) GH5_10 β-mannanase MeMan5A, which contains two semi-conserved tryptophans (W240 and W281) in the distal subsite +2 of its active site cleft. Variants of MeMan5A were generated by replacing one or both tryptophans with alanines. The substitutions reduced the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km using galactomannan) by three-fold (W281A), five-fold (W240A), or 20-fold (W240A/W281A). Productive binding modes were analyzed by 18O labeling of hydrolysis products and mass spectrometry. Results show that the substitution of both tryptophans was required to shift away from the dominant binding mode of mannopentaose (spanning subsites −3 to +2), suggesting that both tryptophans contribute to glycan binding. NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze protein flexibility and glycan binding. We suggest that W240 is rigid and contributes to +2 subsite mannosyl specificity, while W281 is flexible, which enables stacking interactions in the +2 subsite by loop movement to facilitate binding. The substitutions significantly reduced or eliminated transglycosylation with saccharides as glycosyl acceptors but had no significant effect on reactions with alcohols.
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| 9. |
- Genberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Radiocarbon and hydrocarbon analysis of pm sources during whtc tests on a biodiesel-fueled engine
- 2014
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PM in diesel exhaust has been given much attention due to its adverse effect on both climate and health. As the PM emission levels are tightened, the portion of particles originating from the lubrication oil is likely to increase. In this study, exhausts from a biodiesel-fueled Euro 5 engine were examined to determine how much of the carbonaceous particles that originated from the fuel and the lubrication oil, respectively. A combination of three methods was used to determine the PM origin: chain length analysis of the hydrocarbons, determination of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and the concentration of 14C found in the exhausts. It was found that the standard method for measuring hydrocarbons in PM on a filter (chain length analysis) only accounted for 63 % of the OC, meaning that it did not account for all non-soot carbon in the exhausts. Comparing the chain length method to the 14C-based method showed that the non-extractable organic carbon originated both from the oil and fuel. Elemental carbon (EC), also known as soot, was found to originate mainly from the fuel. However, excessive amounts of oil in the engine cylinders increased the relative contribution from the oil as well as the absolute emissions of EC. This could either be due to the surplus oil forming soot, or to the soot particles being coated by oil and thereby less efficiently oxidized during the late cycle. The results demonstrate the importance of carefully regulating the amount of lubrication oil reaching the cylinder.
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