| 1. |
- Gunnarsson, A Birgitta, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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A study protocol of the photo-supported conversations about the well-being intervention (Be Well (TM)) for people with stress related disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress-related illnesses constitute a huge problem in society. The primary care services in Sweden form the first line of care whose role is to coordinate interventions for reducing symptoms, as well as health-promoting interventions. There is lack of knowledge concerning health-promoting interventions for these illnesses. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether photo-supported conversations about well-being (Be Well (TM)) as an intervention, in addition to care as usual within the primary care services, improves health and well-being for patients with stress-related illnesses. The intervention will be compared to a control group, who receive care as usual. A further aim is to conduct a process evaluation. Methods/Design: This ongoing project has a quasi-experimental design, using quantitative and qualitative methods, and includes patients from primary care centres in two Swedish counties. Seventy patients, 20-67 years, with stress-related illnesses will be recruited. They constitute an intervention group, which receive the intervention together with care as usual, and a control group, which receive care as usual. The intervention, photo-supported conversations about well-being, involves 12 sessions. Care as usual entails medication, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and/or psychotherapy. Data collection is carried out at baseline, and outcomes are assessed directly after the intervention, as well as six months after completion of the intervention. The outcomes are evaluated based on factors related to health, well-being and everyday occupations. Furthermore, data concerning experiences of well-being and perceptions of the intervention will be collected in interviews. The therapists will also be interviewed about their experiences of performing the intervention. Data will be analysed with non-parametric statistics, and qualitative methodology. Discussion: The project is based on the concept that focusing on well-being despite living with stress-related illness may positively impact health and well-being as well as activity-related aspects, and that photo-supported conversations about well-being can contribute a complement to other treatment and rehabilitation. A strength is the use of a wide range of methods: such as quantitative measures, photographs, and qualitative interviews with participants and therapists. The results will thus provide knowledge about potential effects of this health-promoting intervention.
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| 2. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Be WellTM – an intervention using photo-supported conversations to promote well-being in people living with stress-related illness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Caring in a changing world.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress-related mental health illnesses are increasing in all ages. Be-WellTM is a health-promoting intervention intended for primary healthcare. Be-WellTM involves 12 sessions based on photo-supported conversations. Patients use their mobiles to photograph situations about well-being, and the photos are used as a starting point for dialogues with their therapist. Aim: The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility of Be-WellTM, and to compare the outcomes concerning health and well-being in the intervention group with those of a control group. Method: This ongoing study is conducted in Swedish primary healthcare. A total of 70 patients in working age, living with stress-related disorders will be recruited. The intervention group receive the intervention Be-WellTM in addition to care as usual, and the controls only receive care as usual. Prior to and directly after the intervention, and after 6 months, the participants complete questionnaires and take part in qualitative interviews about stress and well-being in their present life-situation and experiences from participating in Be-WellTM. Non-parametric and qualitative analysis will be used. Results: Twenty-nine of 35 participants have been recruited to the intervention and 28 of 35 participants to the control group. We will present the research design and preliminary outcomes from the baseline and follow-up data.Conclusion: If the intervention Be-WellTM is found to be feasible with positive outcomes, the health-promoting intervention Be-WellTM can be useful as a complementary intervention in primary healthcare for patients with stress-related illness. Implications for Caring in a changing world: Probably, photo-supported conversations may promote well-being to other patients in different life situations, but future research is warranted.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Iconography of suffering in social media : images of sitting girls
- 2015. - 1
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Ingår i: World suffering and quality of life. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789401796699 - 9789401796705 ; , s. 341-355
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the online iconography of mental suffering by using the visual trope of a hunched-over sitting girl as a case in point. By analyzing images of sitting girls found in YouTube video montages on self-harm, and also tracking their further online existence through image search engines, we suggest that the popularity of this trope stems from its generic character, where the girl can be read as simultaneously docile and as actively refusing to engage with the world around her. While not new in itself, the trope is circulated and put to use in new ways through social media with emphasis on remix and visual communication. We argue that media-specific features, together with gender and mental health discourses, enable particular representations and aesthetic styles that may both reinforce and alleviate suffering.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Ridiculing suffering on YouTube : digital parodies of Emo style
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous YouTube videos represent and comment on self-injury, as evidenced by a search for this term which returns about 123 000 results (June 6, 2014). In previous studies, we have explored how suffering, embodiment and gender are performed in such personal videos through the use of digital technology and the YouTube platform in particular (Johansson 2013, Sternudd and Johansson forthcoming, Johansson & Sternudd in press). There is, however, one category of video clips that deserves further discussion: those that parody self-injury videos and ridicule people who self-injure through imitation and trivialization.In this paper, we analyse a number of such video parodies in order to demonstrate how humour is used to convey norms and ideas regarding mental suffering and gender. The existence of parodies implies that there is in fact a recognizable genre of self-injury videos to parody. Mockery, then, is not only aimed at self-injury as an embodied performance of mental suffering, but also at its digital display which tend to be ridiculed as mere attention-seeking. Furthermore, jokes often allude to gender stereotypes, revealing how performances of mental suffering are denigrated when associated with young femininity. Hence, we aim to discuss what these parodies tell us about the wider social and cultural context of suffering and about the relation between conceptualizations of suffering and constructions of community. To conclude, we suggest that humour in this context may be seen as transgressive insofar as it jokes about a controversial topic – suffering – and insofar as it is reappropriated or articulated by the very individuals who self-harm, but that the videos largely reinforce hegemonic ideas and the stigmatization of individuals who already suffer.
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| 5. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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A room of your own : Photographs of situations of well-being taken by patients suffering from a stress-related illness
- 2023
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Ingår i: Visual Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1472-586X .- 1472-5878.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presented in this article is part of the project‘Finding Viability in Daily Life’. In the project, participantproducedphotographs of situations of well-being were usedin interviews. A knowledge gap was identified: mediaspecificaspects of photographic material used in relatedresearch were not considered. In this study, photographstaken by twelve women aged 27–54 with a stress-relatedillness were examined. The research questions was: Howare situations of well-being visually represented inphotographs produced by the participants in the project,and how are these situations described in words by theparticipants? The results show that a typical photographhad a balanced composition, depicted a closed space withisolated object/s situated close to the beholder, and wastaken from above. Indoor settings were more dominantthan outdoor ones. The outdoor settings showed an openspace and horizontal depictions more often than the indoorones. A typical photograph depicted an activity or objectsrelated to activities. By portraying calm and manageablespaces, the photographs visually suggested that qualitieslike balance and control are important aspects ofexperiencing well-being. These qualities of spaces forexperiencing well-being were confirmed in interviews withthe participants and by previous studies in the project.
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| 6. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-
(författare)
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Climate Anxiety on YouTube : Young people reflect on how to handle the climate crisis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekphrasis. - : Universitatea Babes-Bolyai. - 2067-631X. ; 24:2, s. 97-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The material for this study is four YouTube videos that address climate anxiety publishedduring the 2010s and produced by young people. The videos were analysed from an ecocritical perspectiveusing a discourse theoretical framework and focusing on intermedial aspects. All of the videos inform aboutclimate change and suggest activities that will help to reduce it. In the articulation of the climate crisis,the most prominent elements are heat and that the changes are happening very quickly. All of the videosarticulate the fact that “we” caused the crisis. Generally, “we” includes all humanity, but it is sometimesmeant to refer more specifically to people in highly developed countries or people interested in maintainingthe status quo. The articulations of nature include elements such as justice and tranquillity. In a trope thatoften appears in the videos, human litter soils this idealised notion of nature. Cultural behaviours relate tooverconsumption and, in one case, cities as threatening, monstrous machines. The videos also presentalternative cultures and social behaviour in articulations of reaction and action in the face of the threat.Articulations of climate anxiety relate the condition to elements such as hopelessness and the feelingthat it is too late. However, the condition can be cured by inducing hope. Even though the producers agreeon the gravity of the situation, they do not generally include suggestions for radical change in their work.Instead, the message is that doing anything is better than doing nothing – even if the activity does not haveany effect on the climate. Usually, the focus is on individual activities, but some of the videos also focuson organised collective activities, such as demonstrationsor joining a group of like-minded people. Even so, the goalof these proposed activities is often making people withclimate anxiety feel bette
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| 7. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-
(författare)
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Communicating emotions and pain in the digital age
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photographs showing words cut into the skin constitute a special category of images of self-cutting that can be seen on the internet today. The words are often related to anger, suffering and agony. As I showed in a quantitative study that included over 6 000 six thousand self-injury images, cutting words into one’s own skin might be quite common among self-injurers. Approximately fifteen per cent of the images in the study depicted words mediated through lacerations, blood and scars.This material raises important questions about how emotions and feelings are experienced and manifested in different modes. Self-cutting involves both the visual perceived cuts and the nerve transmitted nociceptive experiences of pain. Manifestations that are perceivable by the cutter themselves. But what happens when these manifestations are photographed and published on worldwide networks, and thus become part of collective experiences? These experience are becoming the discursive tool for the production of and negotiations about the meaning of self-cutting (for instance in self-injury communities) in particular but also about the meaning of bodies, emotions and pain on a more general level.In this paper I will argue that the media involved in this production of meaning are integrated with each other – they are in symbiosis – to use Varga’s typology. This symbiosis becomes part of a unification of individual bodies that are interacting with each other and thus creating a collective body, with a collective understanding of its emotions and pains. During this process, the individual physical experience of a body is united with a virtual body experience through the interface of the screen. This is a unification that will probably reconstruct the meaning of emotion and pain in the digital age.
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| 8. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-
(författare)
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Digitalization and the Production of Feeling and Emotion : The Case of Words Cut into the Skin
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Film and Media Studies. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2065-5924 .- 2066-7779. ; 10:1, s. 183-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates one example of how affect is articulated in the self-cutting of words into the skin and how the meaning of this multimodal statement is modified through remediation. According to Tomkins, affects are understood as intensities that are impossible to frame as feelings or emotions. A theoretical framework based on Laclau’s and Mouffe’s discourse theory and the multimodal categories developed by Kress and van Leeuwen is used. Photographs of self-cutting and statements from people who cut themselves are examined through content analyses. The results show that words that had been cut into the skin often referred to painful experiences, disgust directed against themselves or social isolation. Further, the study shows that when the cut-in words are remediated through a photograph, digitalized and published online, other meanings appear. Inside Internet communities for people who self-injure, the photographs were associated with a communal experience, identification and prescribed activity. The original self-oriented feelings about one’s shortcomings and isolation attached to self-cutting could be altered so that those connoted, instead, experiences of solidarity, identity and intimacy.
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| 9. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-
(författare)
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Ellie’s first time : constructing self-cutting in a teen drama
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Gender Studies. - : Routledge. - 0958-9236 .- 1465-3869. ; 27:5, s. 574-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-cutting attracted a growing interest in society during the 1990s and the early 2000s, and this was reflected in a similar increase in media during this period. In this article, the example of Ellie Nash’s self-cutting in the teen drama Degrassi: The Next Generation is used to investigate articulations of the phenomenon during this period. The starting point is that self-cutting, a behaviour that previously had mostly been connected to masculinity, had to be rearticulated to fit into already established constitutions of femininity. If this was not possible, self-cutting could only be understood as a radical and aggressive behaviour easily connected to movements such as Riot Grrrls that emerged during the same period. With the help of formal and narrative methods, and discourse theory, the scene that includes Ellie’s first cut is analysed. The results of the analysis show that themes such as success, control, family and alternative culture framed self-cutting as being executed by girls who are fragile and vulnerable but also sensible. Even if the things that led up to Ellie’s self-cutting were presented as structural problems, the solution for her was individual conversational therapy, which fitted with the hegemonic neoliberal values that dominated this period.
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| 10. |
- Sternudd, Hans T., 1955-
(författare)
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Having the voice of depression : an example of pathographic film narratives on YouTube
- 2016
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Ingår i: Presented at Storytelling, Illness and Medicine, 11th Global Meeting of the Health project.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental health problems among teenagers and young adults have attracted an increasing interest in West media, among scholars and health care workers. Scholars like Frank Furedi (2004) argue that Western societies have developed an emotional therapeutic culture. This paper will take a closer look in how experiences of mental distress are communicated from an inside perspective. Saraphine Stainer’s YouTube video How Depression Effects Someone's Daily Life by (2015)[1] is used as a case in point in an analysis. Theoretically the examination is foundation on the concept that illness and diseases are constructed in a cultural content, at least the expression of them. In this case it means that depression must be communicated in a culturally recognisable way by the distressed, if not this is done the individual runs a risk of not achieving attendance and care according to its needs. Stainer’s video is an example of an online culture where personal experiences is mediated and communicated on a world wide scale. This kind of pathographic storytelling (Hawkins 1999) often follows certain rules that are constituted by the discourse created by the community, in this case the YouTube forum. To achieve a broader discursive understanding of Stainer’s work the comments on her video will therefore be analysed.In centre of Steiner’s video is her own body. The video depicts her day from the morning routines and forward in a realistic style that reminds of Danish “dogma” films and New Romanian Cinema. With its self-biographical narrative Steiner provide us with an important example of how affective experiences (Tomkins 1995) are mediated in embodied expressions and digitally transmediated through a video. An analysis of these acts can provide us with a unique situated knowledge of depression[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=203pnN95zHY
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