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- Wigerblad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins induce joint pain independent of inflammation via a chemokine-dependent mechanism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 75:4, s. 730-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: An interesting and so far unexplained feature of chronic pain in autoimmune disease is the frequent disconnect between pain and inflammation. This is illustrated well in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where pain in joints (arthralgia) may precede joint inflammation and persist even after successful anti-inflammatory treatment. In the present study, we have addressed the possibility that autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA), present in RA, may be directly responsible for the induction of pain, independent of inflammation. METHODS: Antibodies purified from human patients with RA, healthy donors and murinised monoclonal ACPA were injected into mice. Pain-like behaviour was monitored for up to 28 days, and tissues were analysed for signs of pathology. Mouse osteoclasts were cultured and stimulated with antibodies, and supernatants analysed for release of factors. Mice were treated with CXCR1/2 (interleukin (IL) 8 receptor) antagonist reparixin. RESULTS: Mice injected with either human or murinised ACPA developed long-lasting pronounced pain-like behaviour in the absence of inflammation, while non-ACPA IgG from patients with RA or control monoclonal IgG were without pronociceptive effect. This effect was coupled to ACPA-mediated activation of osteoclasts and release of the nociceptive chemokine CXCL1 (analogue to human IL-8). ACPA-induced pain-like behaviour was reversed with reparixin. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that CXCL1/IL-8, released from osteoclasts in an autoantibody-dependent manner, produces pain by activating sensory neurons. The identification of this new pain pathway may open new avenues for pain treatment in RA and also in other painful diseases associated with autoantibody production and/or osteoclast activation.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, F.J., et al.
(författare)
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Are there two engines at the center of 3C 286?
- 1994
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - Les Ulis : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 287:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents images of the compact steep-spectrum quasar 3C 286 obtained with global VLBI arrays at 4.99 and 1.66 GHz. The morphology appears to be intermediate between the core-jet types and grossly distorted objects. The central portion is resolved into two components of almost equal peak brightnesses and spectral indices. On the 1.66 GHz map, the jet extends in position angle approximately -136-degrees, up to a knot (W1) (approximately 75 mas from the component C2) from which it curves rapidly towards the west to form another knot (W2). It is possible that the VLBI jet bends further towards the secondary component separated from the core by approximately 2.6'' in p.a. -115-degrees seen in high dynamic range VLA or Merlin maps. The jet has a sinuous feature shown clearly on the 5 GHz map. There is a low brightness extension at the North (designated N1) shown on both the 1.66 and 5 GHz maps, which is connected to the component C1 and bends towards the east.
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