| 1. |
- Akrawi, Delshad Saleh, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of glomerulonephritis : A Swedish adoption study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 49:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Glomerulonephritis clusters in families. However, infections are common inducers of glomerulonephritis and may also cluster in families. Studies of adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents may disentangle genetic from environmental causes of familial clustering. This is the first adoption study aimed to estimate the genetic contribution to the familial transmission of glomerulonephritis. Materials and methods: We performed a family study for Swedish-born adoptees (born 1945–2000) and their biological and adoptive parents. The Swedish Multi-Generation Register was linked to the Hospital Inpatient Register for the period 1964–2012 and the Hospital Outpatient Register for 2001–2012. Odds ratio (OR) for glomerulonephritis was determined for adoptees with a biological parent with glomerulonephritis compared with adoptees without an affected biological parent. Similarly, the OR for glomerulonephritis was also determined in adoptees with an affected adoptive parent compared with adoptees without an affected adoptive parent. Heritability was estimated to be twice the observed tetrachoric correlation among adoptees and biological parents, under the assumption that only additive genetic factors contribute to the similarity between biological parents and adoptees. Results: The OR for glomerulonephritis was 4.08 in adoptees (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-9.27, P-value = 0.001) of biological parents diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. The OR for glomerulonephritis was 1.67 in adoptees (95% CI 0.53-5.26, P-value = 0.380) of adoptive parents diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. The heritability was 48%. Conclusion: Family history of glomerulonephritis in a biological parent is a risk factor for glomerulonephritis. The present study indicates that genetic factors play an important role in the aetiology of glomerulonephritis.
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| 2. |
- Amstadter, Ananda B., et al.
(författare)
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Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Adverse Stress Responses and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA Psychiatry. - 2168-622X. ; 81:8, s. 817-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Twin studies have found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors within a generation. No study has used an adoption design, which can address questions about the degree and sources of cross-generational transmission of adverse stress responses (ASRs) and PTSD. OBJECTIVES To examine whether ASRs or PTSD are transmitted from parents to offspring, and to clarify the relative importance of genes and rearing. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used nationwide Swedish registry data from parents and offspring (n = 2 194 171, born 1960-1992) of 6 types of families (intact; had not lived with biological father; had not lived with biological mother; lived with stepfather; lived with stepmother; and adoptive). Follow-up occurred on December 31, 2018, and data were analyzed from March 3, 2023, to January 16, 2024. EXPOSURES Three sources of parent-offspring resemblance: genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnoses of ASRs or PTSD were obtained from national inpatient, outpatient, and primary care medical registries. Parent-child resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to control for possible shared traumatic events. RESULTS The study population included 2 194 171 individuals of 6 family types (1 146 703 [52.3%] male; median [range] age, 42 [20-63] years). The weighted tetrachoric correlations across family types were 0.15 (95% CI, 0.15-0.16) for genes plus rearing, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06-0.11) for genes only, and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.07-0.12) for rearing only. Controlling for potential shared traumatic events, sensitivity analyses found that the correlation for rearing decreased, with the most conservative control (exclusion of parent-offspring dyads with onset of ASRs or PTSD within 1 year) suggesting equal correlations with genes and rearing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Diagnosis of ASRs or PTSD demonstrated cross-generational transmission, including both genetic and rearing correlations. Sensitivity analyses suggested that shared traumatic events partially accounted for the observed rearing correlations.
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| 3. |
- Jönsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Digested wheat gluten inhibits binding between leptin and its receptor
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2091. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Leptin resistance is considered a primary risk factor for obesity. It has been hypothesized that dietary cereal grain protein could cause leptin resistance by preventing leptin from binding to its receptor. Non-degraded dietary wheat protein has been found in human serum at a mean level of 41 ng/mL. Here, we report our findings from testing whether enzymatically digested gluten from wheat prevents leptin from binding to the leptin receptor in vitro. Gluten from wheat was digested with pepsin and trypsin under physiological conditions. Pepsin and trypsin activity was removed from the gluten digest with a 10 kDa spin-filter or by heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 30 min. Binding to the leptin receptor of leptin mixed with gluten digest at a series of concentrations was measured using surface plasmon resonance technology. Results: Binding of the gluten digest to the leptin receptor was not detected. Spin-filtered gluten digest inhibited binding of leptin to the leptin receptor, with 50% inhibition at a gluten digest concentration of similar to 10 ng/mL. Heat-treated gluten digest did not inhibit leptin binding. Conclusions: Digested wheat gluten inhibits binding of leptin to the leptin receptor, with half-maximal inhibition at 10 ng/mL. The inhibition is significant at clinically relevant concentrations and could therefore serve as a novel pathway to investigate to understand the molecular basis of leptin resistance, obesity and associated disorders.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Aturinde, Augustus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of spatial co-occurrence between cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality and its spatial variation among the Swedish elderly (2010–2015)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CVD and cancer are the two leading causes of death worldwide. Improvement in cancer early detection and treatment has resulted in an increased number of cancer survivors. However, many of the survivors tend to develop CVD often leading to their demise. Conversely, people with pre-existing CVD conditions, especially the elderly, have increased chances of developing cancer and dying from the same. The World Health Organization, consequently, recommends joint management of both diseases. However, in Sweden, as with many other countries, few studies have explored the nature of the associations between the two disease mortalities and their spatial variation at a population level. This study uses correlation, global Moran's index and global bivariate Moran's index to investigate national trends of cancer and CVD crude mortality rates in the Swedish elderly. Spatial scan statistics, spatial overlay and local entropy maps were used to analyse for spatial co-occurrence, local joint spatial clustering and associations in the 2010–2015 cancer and CVD crude mortality rates for the Swedish elderly (65+ years). Mortality data were obtained from the Swedish Healthcare Registry. Our results showed that throughout the years of study, the correlation between cancer and CVD crude mortality rates was averagely positive. Spatial correlation analysis (univariate and bivariate) showed that the contribution of the neighbourhood mortality rates to the observed mortality rates was weak, though significant. From cluster analysis, the cancer and CVD crude mortality rates showed differences in clustering spatial scales with CVD clustering at a smaller scale. Finally, local entropy maps showed that cancer and CVD crude mortality rates were not always related across Sweden, but whenever they were, the relationship was mainly positive and linear. This study contributes to cancer and CVD public health efforts in Sweden by identifying areas where the two causes of death spatially co-occur, and where the two exhibit no spatial overlap. This provides a valuable starting ground for more focused studies to identify local drivers and/or informs coordinated targeted intervention in both causes of death.
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