| 1. |
- Calling, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth and unintentional injuries: risks to children, adolescents and young adults show no consistent pattern.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Preterm birth is associated with a number of physical and mental health issues. The aim of this study was to find out if there was also any association between individuals born preterm in Sweden between 1984 and 2006 and the risk of unintentional injuries during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood METHODS: The study followed 2,297,134 individuals, including 5.9% born preterm, from 1985 to 2007 for unintentional injuries leading to hospitalisation or death (n=244,021). The males and females were divided into four age groups: 1-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years and 19-23 years. Hazard ratios were calculated for falls, transport injuries and other injuries RESULTS: After adjusting for a comprehensive set of covariates, some of the preterm subgroups demonstrated slightly increased risks of unintentional injuries, while others showed slightly decreased risks. However, most of the estimates were borderline or non-significant in both males and females. In addition, the absolute risk differences between individuals born preterm and full term were small CONCLUSION: Despite the association between preterm birth and a variety of physical and mental health consequences, this study shows that there is no consistent risk pattern between preterm birth and unintentional injuries in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. ©2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica ©2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica©2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica ©2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
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| 2. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic fitness, muscular strength and obesity in relation to risk of heart failure
- 2017
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 103:22, s. 1780-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Low physical fitness and obesity have been associated with higher risk of developing heart failure (HF), but their interactive effects are unknown. Elucidation of interactions among these common modifiable factors may help facilitate more effective primary prevention. Methods We conducted a national cohort study to examine the interactive effects of aerobic fitness, muscular strength and body mass index (BMI) among 1 330 610 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969-1997 (97%-98% of all 18-year-old men) on risk of HF identified from inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2012 (maximum age 62 years). Results There were 11 711 men diagnosed with HF in 37.8 million person-years of follow-up. Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength and obesity were independently associated with higher risk of HF, after adjusting for each other, socioeconomic factors, other chronic diseases and family history of HF. The combination of low aerobic fitness and low muscular strength (lowest vs highest tertiles) was associated with a 1.7-fold risk of HF (95% CI 1.6 to 1.9; p<0.001; incidence rates per 100 000 person-years, 43.2 vs 10.8). These factors had positive additive and multiplicative interactions (p<0.001) and were associated with increased risk of HF even among men with normal BMI. Conclusions Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength and obesity at the age of 18 years were independently associated with higher risk of HF in adulthood, with interactive effects between aerobic fitness and muscular strength. These findings suggest that early-life interventions may help reduce the long-term risk of HF and should include both aerobic fitness and muscular strength, even among persons with normal BMI.
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| 3. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term risk of sleep apnea : A national cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 28:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep apnea is increasing in prevalence, and is an important cause of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality worldwide. Its only established modifiable risk factor is obesity; however, up to half of all sleep apnea cases may occur in non-obese persons, and hence there is a pressing need to identify other modifiable risk factors to facilitate more effective prevention. We sought to examine, for the first time, cardiorespiratory fitness in relation to the risk of sleep apnea, independent of obesity. A national cohort study was conducted to examine cardiorespiratory fitness in all 1,547,478 Swedish military conscripts during 1969–1997 (97%–98% of all 18-year-old men) in relation to risk of sleep apnea through 2012 (maximum age 62 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as maximal aerobic workload in Watts, and sleep apnea was identified from nationwide outpatient and inpatient diagnoses. A total of 44,612 (2.9%) men were diagnosed with sleep apnea in 43.7 million person-years of follow-up. Adjusting for age, height, weight, socioeconomic factors and family history of sleep apnea, low cardiorespiratory fitness at age 18 years was associated with a significantly increased risk of sleep apnea in adulthood (lowest versus highest cardiorespiratory fitness tertile: incidence rate ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–1.49; p < 0.001; continuous cardiorespiratory fitness per 100 Watts: incidence rate ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.73; p < 0.001). An increased risk was observed even among men with normal body mass index (lowest versus highest cardiorespiratory fitness tertile: incidence rate ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–1.35; p < 0.001). These findings identify low cardiorespiratory fitness early in life as a new modifiable risk factor for development of sleep apnea in adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidities and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder A Swedish National Cohort Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: JAMA Psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 70:9, s. 931-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Bipolar disorder is associated with premature mortality, but the specific causes and underlying pathways are unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the physical health effects of bipolar disorder using outpatient and inpatient data for a national population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS National cohort study of 6 587 036 Swedish adults, including 6618 with bipolar disorder. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Physical comorbidities diagnosed in any outpatient or inpatient setting nationwide and mortality (January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009). RESULTS Women and men with bipolar disorder died 9.0 and 8.5 years earlier on average than the rest of the population, respectively. All-cause mortality was increased 2-fold among women (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.34; 95% CI, 2.16-2.53) and men (aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.85-2.23) with bipolar disorder, compared with the rest of the population. Patients with bipolar disorder had increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influenza or pneumonia, unintentional injuries, and suicide for both women and men and cancer for women only. Suicide risk was 10-fold among women (aHR, 10.37; 95% CI, 7.36-14.60) and 8-fold among men (aHR, 8.09; 95% CI, 5.98-10.95) with bipolar disorder, compared with the rest of the population. Substance use disorders contributed only modestly to these findings. The association between bipolar disorder and mortality from chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease, diabetes, COPD, or cancer) was weaker among persons with a prior diagnosis of these conditions (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26-1.56) than among those without a prior diagnosis (aHR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.95-2.90; P-interaction = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large national cohort study, patients with bipolar disorder died prematurely from multiple causes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, influenza or pneumonia, unintentional injuries, and suicide. However, chronic disease mortality among those with more timely medical diagnosis approached that of the general population, suggesting that better provision of primary medical care may effectively reduce premature mortality among persons with bipolar disorder.
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| 5. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidities and Mortality in Persons With Schizophrenia: A Swedish National Cohort Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 170:3, s. 324-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality, but the specific causes and pathways are unclear. The authors used outpatient and inpatient data for a national population to examine the association between schizophrenia and mortality and comorbidities. Method: This was a national cohort study of 6,097,834 Swedish adults, including 8,277 with schizophrenia, followed for 7 years (2003-2009) for mortality and comorbidities diagnosed in any outpatient or inpatient setting nationwide. Results: On average, men with schizophrenia died 15 years earlier, and women 12 years earlier, than the rest of the population, and this was not accounted for by unnatural deaths. The leading causes were ischemic heart disease and cancer. Despite having twice as many health care system contacts, schizophrenia patients had no increased risk of nonfatal ischemic heart disease or cancer diagnoses, but they had an elevated mortality from ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio for women, 3.33 [95% CI=2.73-4.05]; for men, 2.20 [95%, CI=1.83-2.65]) and cancer (adjusted hazard ratio for women, 1.71 [95% CI=1.38-2.10; for men, 1.44 [95% CI=1.15-1.80]). Among all people who died from ischemic heart disease or cancer, schizophrenia patients Were less likely than others to have been diagnosed previously with these conditions (for ischemic heart disease, 26.3% compared with 43.7%; for cancer, 73.9% compared with 82.3%). The association between schizophrenia and mortality was stronger among women and the employed. Lack of antipsychotic treatment was also associated with elevated mortality.. Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients had markedly premature mortality, and the leading causes were ischemic heart disease and cancer, which appeared to be under-diagnosed. Preventive interventions should prioritize primary health care tailored to this population, including more effective risk modification and screening for cardiovascular disease and cancer. (Am J Psychiatty 2013; 170:324-333)
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| 6. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Early-term Birth (37-38 Weeks) and Mortality in Young Adulthood.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1531-5487.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Early-term birth (gestational age, 37-38 weeks) has been associated with increased infant mortality relative to later-term birth, but mortality beyond infancy has not been studied. We examined the association between early-term birth and mortality through young adulthood. METHODS:: We conducted a national cohort study of 679,981 singleton births in Sweden in 1973-1979, followed up for all-cause and cause-specific mortality through 2008 (ages 29-36 years). RESULTS:: There were 10,656 deaths in 21.5 million person-years of follow-up. Among those still alive at the beginning of each age range, early-term birth relative to those born at 39-42 weeks was associated with increased mortality in the neonatal period (0-27 days: adjusted hazard ratio = 2.18 [95% confidence interval = 1.89-2.51]), postneonatal period (28-364 days: 1.66 [1.44-1.92]), early childhood (1-5 years: 1.29 [1.10-1.51]), and young adulthood (18-36 years: 1.14 [1.05-1.24]), but not in late childhood/adolescence (6-17 years: 0.97 [0.84-1.12]). In young adulthood, early-term birth was strongly associated with death from congenital anomalies and endocrine disorders, especially diabetes (2.89 [1.54-5.43]). CONCLUSIONS:: In this large national cohort study, early-term birth was independently associated with increased mortality in infancy, early childhood, and young adulthood. Lowest short-term and long-term mortality was among those born at 39-42 weeks.
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| 7. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise is medicine : Primary care counseling on aerobic fitness and muscle strengthening
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. - : American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM). - 1557-2625 .- 1558-7118. ; 32:1, s. 103-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient counseling on physical fitness remains underutilized in primary care, despite its clinical and cost effectiveness. Most counseling interventions have focused on aerobic activity and neglected another vital component of physical fitness, muscle strengthening, which has recently been shown to be independently protective against cardiometabolic diseases and premature mortality. This article reviews the latest scientific evidence and makes recommendations toward a more comprehensive approach for promoting physical fitness in primary care. Given the high prevalence and wide-ranging health impacts of physical inactivity, counseling on physical fitness should be a standard part of wellness promotion and disease prevention and treatment for all patients. Interventions that include muscle strengthening will have a significantly greater impact on health outcomes than those focused on aerobic fitness alone. Counseling to promote both aerobic fitness and muscle strengthening is indicated for all patients, irrespective of body weight, and should begin early in life and continue across the life course.
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| 8. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal Growth and Subsequent Maternal Risk of Colorectal Cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 24:8, s. 1184-1189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High birth weight has been associated with subsequent increased risk of breast cancer in the infant's mother, possibly related to maternal estrogen and growth factor pathways. However, its association with maternal risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer among women, is unknown.
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| 9. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal growth and subsequent maternal risk of thyroid cancer.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 138:5, s. 1085-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thyroid cancer has peak incidence among women of reproductive age, and growth factors, which have procarcinogenic properties, may play an important etiologic role. However, the association between fetal growth rate during a woman's pregnancy and her subsequent risk of thyroid cancer has not been previously examined. We conducted a national cohort study of 1,837,634 mothers who had a total of 3,588,497 live-births in Sweden in 1973-2008, followed up for thyroid cancer incidence through 2009. There were 2,202 mothers subsequently diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 36.8 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for maternal age, height, weight, smoking, and sociodemographic factors, high fetal growth (birth weight standardized for gestational age and sex) was associated with a subsequent increased risk of thyroid cancer in the mother (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per additional 1 standard deviation, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; P=0.02). Each 1,000 g increase in the infant's birth weight was associated with a 13% increase in the mother's subsequent risk of thyroid cancer (IRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22; P=0.001). These findings appeared to involve both papillary and follicular subtypes, and did not vary significantly by the mother's height, weight, or smoking status. In this large national cohort study, high fetal growth during a woman's pregnancy was independently associated with a subsequent increased risk of her developing thyroid cancer. If confirmed, these findings suggest an important role of maternal growth factors in the development of thyroid cancer, and potentially may help facilitate the identification of high-risk subgroups of women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational age at birth and mortality from infancy into mid-adulthood : a national cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. - 2352-4642. ; 3:6, s. 408-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Breakthroughs in the treatment of preterm birth approximately 40 years ago have enabled a generation of preterm survivors to now reach mid-adulthood. Understanding their health sequelae is essential for guiding their long-term care. We did a study to examine preterm birth in relation to mortality into mid-adulthood. Methods: A national cohort study was done of all 4 296 814 singleton livebirths in Sweden between 1973 and 2015, who were followed up for mortality through Dec 31, 2017 (maximum age 45 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cosibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental)factors. Findings: In 103·5 million person-years of follow-up, 43 916 (1·0%)deaths were reported. Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with mortality from infancy to mid-adulthood. Relative to full-term birth (39–41 weeks), the adjusted hazard ratios for mortality associated with gestational age at birth were: 66·14 (95% CI 63·09–69·34)for extremely preterm (22–27 weeks), 8·67 (8·32–9·03)for very preterm (28–33 weeks), 2·61 (2·52–2·71)for late preterm (34–36 weeks), and 1·34 (1·30–1·37)for early term (37–38 weeks), from birth to age 45 years; and 2·04 (0·92–4·55)for extremely preterm, 1·48 (1·17–1·87)for very preterm, 1·22 (1·07–1·39)for late preterm, and 1·16 (1·08–1·25)for early term, at ages 30–45 years. Preterm birth accounted for more deaths among males than females (additive interaction p<0·001). Multiple underlying causes were identified, including congenital anomalies; respiratory, endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases; cancer; and external causes. Cosibling analyses suggested that the observed associations were not due to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. Interpretation: Preterm and early term birth should be recognised as chronic conditions that require long-term follow-up for adverse health sequelae in adulthood. Funding: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health.
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