| 1. |
- Naderi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of the properties of three nano-fibrillated cellulose systems that have been produced at about the same energy consumption levels in the mechanical delamination step
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 31:3, s. 364-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The viscosity, tensile strength- and barrier properties of enzymatically pre-treated- (NFCEnz), carboxymethylated- (NFCCarb) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified (NFCCMC) nanofibrillated cellulose systems (NFC) that have been produced at about the same energy consumption levels in the mechanical delamination step in the manufacturing of the different NFCs are reported. It was found that NFCEnz and NFCCMC are characterized by low degrees of fibrillation. Carboxymethylated NFC displayed superior tensile strength properties, lower fiber fragment content and a higher viscosity when compared to NFCEnz and NFCCMC. Interestingly, NFCEnz displayed equal or better barrier properties compared to the highly fibrillated NFCCarb.
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| 2. |
- Naderi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Microfluidized carboxymethyl cellulose modified pulp : a nanofibrillated cellulose system with some attractive properties
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 22:2, s. 1159-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method (Ankerfors and Lindstrom in Method for providing nanocellulose comprising modified cellulose fibers, 2009) was employed to physically attach anionic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chains onto wood pulp, upon which it was fibrillated by a microfluidizer-type homogenizer at high applied pressures and at dilute conditions [< 3 % (w/w)]. It was found that the CMC-modified pulp can be fibrillated at the same consistencies as many of the commercially available NFC products. The NFC manufacturing process was also deemed to be energy efficient, as it lacked the need for mechanical pre-treatment, which is often a prerequisite for the production of many existing NFC systems. The CMC-based NFC was studied with respect to the rheological characteristics, and was also characterized using AFM-imaging. Further, The NFC was made into films, and its tensile strength was determined together with its barrier properties. In general, the rheological characteristics (viscosity and storage modulus) together with the tensile strength and oxygen barrier properties of the films were improved with increasing the number of passes through the microfluidizer. The fibrillated CMC-modified pulp was found to be as efficient as other NFC systems when employed as dry strength additive. The employment of the investigated material, which can be produced at acceptable costs and through environmentally benign and industrially relevant processes can, hence, potentially lead to significant future savings in the energy consumption levels in the paper and cardboard manufacturing processes, which have been recognized as major application areas of NFC products.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete Event Simulation with Lifecycle Assessment Data at a Juice Manufacturing System
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 5th International Conference on Simulation and Modelling in the Food and Bio-Industry, FOODSIM 2008; Dublin; Ireland; 26 June 2008 through 28 June 2008. ; , s. 165-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to measure and evaluate productivity and environmental parameters simultaneously and in consideration to each other, they need to be presented on the same basis and put up on the same table, at the same time. Otherwise, while considering only parts of the relevant parameters at a time, there is a great risk for sub-optimisation. The study presented in this paper shows one way of putting productivity parameters such as batch size, batch frequency, production planning, and resource management on the same table as environmental parameters such as emissions, waste and energy consumption. This is done through the use of lifecycle assessment in combination with discrete event simulation. The result gives an example of a sound basis for decision-making when changes are to be made in the juice production system at hand. The presented case study gives information on energy consumption, waste and pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SO2, and ethene generated from production of juice. Results show that some changes of the system improves both environment and productivity, others improves one and worsens the other!
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jason, Johan, 1971-
(författare)
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Theory and Applications of Coupling Based Intensity Modulated Fibre-Optic Sensors
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optical fibre sensors can be used to measure a wide variety of properties. In some cases they have replaced conventional electronic sensors due to their possibility of performing measurements in environments suffering from electromagnetic disturbance, or in harsh environments where electronics cannot survive. In other cases they have had less success mainly due to the higher cost involved in fibre-optic sensor systems. Intensity modulated fibre-optic sensors normally require only low-cost monitoring systems principally based on light emitting diodes and photo diodes. The sensor principle itself is very simple when based on coupling between fibres, and coupling based intensity modulated sensors have found applications over a long time, mainly within position and vibration sensing. In this thesis new concepts and applications for intensity modulated fibre-optic sensors based on coupling between fibres are presented. From a low-cost and standard component perspective alternative designs are proposed and analyzed in order to find improved performance. The development of a sensor for an industrial temperature sensing application, involving aspects on multiplexing and fibre network installation, is presented. Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is suggested as an efficient technique for multiplexing several coupling based sensors, and sensor network installation with blown fibre in micro ducts is proposed as a flexible and cost-efficient alternative to traditional cabling. A new sensor configuration using a fibre to a multicore fibre coupling and an image sensor readout system is proposed. With this system a high-performance sensor setup with a large measurement range can be realised without the need for precise fibre alignment often needed in coupling based sensors involving fibres with small cores. The system performance is analyzed theoretically with complete system simulations on different setups. An experimental setup is made based on standard fibre and image acquisition components, and differences from the theoretical performance are analyzed. It is shown that sub-µm accuracy should be possible to obtain, being the theoretical limit, and it is further suggested that the experimental performance is mainly related to two error sources: core position instability and differences between the real and the expected optical power distribution. Methods to minimize the experimental error are proposed and evaluated.
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| 8. |
- Beckeman, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of packaging innovations in the Swedish food sector
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Retail Research: Emerging diversity. ; , s. 193-211
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Packaging is of particular importance to retailers, since it can be considered an integral part of the product and the first point of contact with the brand (Rundh 2005). Over 73% of interviewed consumers rely on packaging to aid their purchasing decisions (Wells et al. 2007), and retailers are the ‘gatekeepers’ to the consumers (Dobson et al. 2003) via the retail stores, where the packaging of a product is what meets the eyes of consumers. Young (2008:26) simply states, “The package is the product”, and packaging “combines the ‘4 Ps’ of marketing: the package contains the product, packages convey messages about product attributes to consumers as part of public relations, and often its price, while also carrying promotions”, making it an integral part of the product (Hawkes 2010:297). Hence, innovations in packaging and packaging systems in the food sector are intimately connected with the contained products; success or failure can be due to either or both aspects. And the success rate of food products is low: 80 to 90% of all launched products fail within the first year, in the USA (Rudolph 1995), with similar figures in other countries. This might be due to shortcomings in the methodology to develop (Stewart-Knox & Mitchell 2003) or that the right business model to “capture value from innovations” has not been designed (Teece 2010:183). And “value exists only if the consumer perceives it as such” (Burt 1989:29). Today, many retailers control the supply chain from producers to consumers (Fernie & Sparks 2009), have expanded their range of differentiated private labels (Burt & Sparks 2002) and increasingly compete with manufacturers’ brands, including in Sweden (Beckeman & Olsson 2011). This has resulted in increased demands for more flexible production to meet a greater variety of packaging sizes, products, recipes and delivery on demand, without increasing The importance of packaging innovations in the Swedish food sector 11 194 Chapter 11 the costs, and consequently smaller order sizes and varying designs (Van Donk 2001; Van Donk et al. 2008). The real breakthrough for packaged food in Sweden came with the introduction of frozen food in 1945 and self-service stores in 1947, both of which demanded packaging (Beckeman 2006). These changes initiated efficient supply chains, which together with a value perspective have become a necessity for the different requirements of various food products (Fisher 1997; Gustafsson et al. 2006). Food and beverages range from dry products to liquids, requiring distribution/storage temperatures from ambient, via refrigerated to frozen. Hence, product demands on packaging vary. The broader background to this chapter can be found in a doctoral thesis (Beckeman 2011) based on interviews with retailers, food manufacturers and packaging suppliers active in Sweden. To our knowledge, no similar investigation of the Swedish food sector of today has been carried out. The purpose was to investigate how the three groups of actors view innovations in their own area, their roles and the roles of other actors in the chain; i.e. if there is a gap of opinions about innovations among them. This chapter summarises the results from interviewing packaging suppliers based on the following research questions: • How do innovative Swedish packaging suppliers define innovations, and how do they regard their own role in food innovations? • What is the nature of the collaboration among packaging suppliers and other actors in the supply chain regarding food innovations? ‘Consumer’ is defined as the end consumer of a food product, whereas a ‘customer’ can be a food manufacturer, a retailer or the next link in the packaging supply chain, as packaging suppliers cannot be defined as one homogenous group. They can be material producers, packaging converters, packaging machinery suppliers and other relevant suppliers (Paine 2002), and can work as partners, sub-suppliers and/or competitors with each other, depending on the situation and the demands. In this mixture of packaging suppliers, some are considered more innovative and successful than others, as previously suggested by interviewed retailers (Beckeman & Olsson 2011) and food manufacturers (Beckeman et al., in press) and are the focus of this study. This chapter is organised as follows: it starts by summarising literature on packaging and packaging functions and related to food innovations, continues with methodology, including framework for analysis, which is followed by results and analysis, and ends with conclusions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bång, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Automatisk trafikövervakning genom AI i svenska farvatten : Slutrapport AutoMon Del I
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna slutrapport redogör för resultatet av projektet: AutoMon Del I—Automatisk trafikövervakning genom AI i svenska farvatten (TRV2019/95873). Projektägare är Linköpings universitet och genomförts tillsammans med Sjöfartsverket, SAAB, VTI, och Luftfartsverket. Vi kommer i denna rapport redogöra för resultaten samt diskutera framtida utmaningar med konceptet AutoMon. Syftet med AutoMon är att undersöka och belysa problemområdet automatiserad trafikövervakning genom att implementera en AI-demonstrator för svenska farvatten, initialt med fokus på att detektera anomalier i trafiken, och där hanteringen (dvs. granskning och lösning) av problemsituationer lämnas över till en mänsklig operatör. Förekomsten av fartygsolyckor och -incidenter, med potentiellt stora konsekvenser för individ och miljö - utanför etablerade VTS-områden - visar på behovet av utökad övervakning av sjötrafiken i svenska farvatten för att möjliggöra proaktiva åtgärder för att minimera olycksrisker till sjöss. Forskningsprojektet undersöker hur en hög nivå av automation kan användas för att upptäcka och hantera trafikavvikelser på svenskt vatten samt ge möjlighet till s.k. situational awareness (lägesbild) över hela dess yta, samtidigt som stöd för centralt eller distribuerat beslutsfattande ges. Runt om i världen förekommer även manipulation av AIS-systemet och dess positionsangivelser; ett problem som sannolikt kommer att öka även i Sverige. Båda problemställningarna är globala, vilket ger hög relevans. Lösningar har högt värde där digitalisering och artificiell intelligens kan användas som medel för ökad sjösäkerhet (safety och cyber security).
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