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- Batra, Gorav, et al.
(författare)
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Antithrombotic therapy after myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2055-6837 .- 2055-6845. ; 4:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Optimal antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation is uncertain. In this study, we compared antithrombotic regimes with regard to a composite cardiovascular outcome of all-cause mortality, MI or ischaemic stroke, and major bleeds. Methods and results Patients between October 2005 and December 2012 were identified in Swedish registries, n = 7116. Landmark 0-90 and 91-365 days of outcome were evaluated with Cox-regressions, with dual antiplatelet therapy as reference. At discharge, 16.2% received triple therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin), 1.9% aspirin plus warfarin, 7.3% clopidogrel plus warfarin, and 60.8% dual antiplatelets. For cardiovascular outcome, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (HR) for triple therapy was 0.86 (0.70-1.07) for 0-90 days and 0.78 (0.58-1.05) for 91-365 days. A HR of 2.16 (1.48-3.13) and 1.61 (0.98-2.66) during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively, was observed for major bleeds. For aspirin plus warfarin, HR 0.82 (0.54-1.26) and 0.62 (0.48-0.79) was observed for cardiovascular outcome and 1.30 (0.60-2.85) and 1.01 (0.63-1.62) for major bleeds during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively. For clopidogrel plus warfarin, HR of 0.90 (0.68-1.19) and 0.68 (0.49-0.95) was observed for cardiovascular outcome and 1.28 (0.71-2.32) and 1.08 (0.57-2.04) for major bleeds during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively. Conclusion Compared to dual antiplatelets, aspirin or clopidogrel plus warfarin therapy was associated with similar 0-90 days and lower 91-365 days of risk of the cardiovascular outcome, without higher risk of major bleeds. Triple therapy was associated with non-significant lower risk of cardiovascular outcome and higher risk of major bleeds.
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- Jernberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Adoption of Evidence-Based Treatment and Survival for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 305:16, s. 1677-1684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Only limited information is available on the speed of implementation of new evidence-based and guideline-recommended treatments and its association with survival in real life health care of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objective To describe the adoption of new treatments and the related chances of short-and long-term survival in consecutive patients with STEMI in a single country over a 12-year period. Design, Setting, and Participants The Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admission (RIKS-HIA) records baseline characteristics, treatments, and outcome of consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to almost all hospitals in Sweden. This study includes 61 238 patients with a first-time diagnosis of STEMI between 1996 and 2007. Main Outcome Measures Estimated and crude proportions of patients treated with different medications and invasive procedures and mortality over time. Results Of evidence based-treatments, reperfusion increased from 66% (95%, confidence interval [CI], 52%-79%) to 79% (95% CI, 69%-89%; P<.001), primary percutaneous coronary intervention from 12% (95% CI, 11%-14%) to 61% (95% CI, 45%-77%; P<.001), and revascularization from 10% (96% CI, 6%-14%) to 84% (95% CI, 73%-95%; P<.001). The use of aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors all increased: clopidogrel from 0% to 82% (95% CI, 69%-95%; P<.001), statins from 23% (95% CI, 12%-33%) to 83% (95% CI, 75%-91%; P<.001), and ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers from 39% (95% CI, 26%-52%) to 69% (95% CI, 58%-70%; P<.001). The estimated in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality decreased from 12.5% (95% CI, 4.3%-20.6%) to 7.2% (95% CI, 1.7%-12.6%; P<.001); from 15.0% (95% CI, 6.2%-23.7%) to 8.6% (95% CI, 2.7%-14.5%; P<.001); and from 21.0% (95% CI, 11.0%-30.9%) to 13.3% (95% CI, 6.0%-20.4%; P<.001), respectively. After adjustment, there was still a consistent trend with lower standardized mortality over the years. The 12-year survival analyses showed that the decrease of mortality was sustained over time. Conclusion In a Swedish registry of patients with STEMI, between 1996 and 2007, there was an increase in the prevalence of evidence-based treatments. During this same time, there was a decrease in 30-day and 1-year mortality that was sustained during long-term follow-up.
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- Jernberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ischaemic heart disease severity and age on risk of cardiovascular outcome in diabetes patients in Sweden : A nationwide observational study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To compare short-term cardiovascular (CV) outcome in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients without ischaemic heart disease (IHD), with IHD but no prior myocardial infarction (MI), and those with prior MI; and assess the impact on risk of age when initiating first-time glucose-lowering drug (GLD). Design Cohort study linking morbidity, mortality and medication data from Swedish national registries. Participants First-time users of GLD during 2007-2016. Outcomes Predicted cumulative incidence for the CV outcome (MI, stroke and CV mortality) was estimated. A Cox model was developed where age at GLD start and CV risk was modelled. Results 260 070 first-time GLD users were included, 221 226 (85%) had no IHD, 16 294 (6%) had stable IHD-prior MI and 22 550 (9%) had IHD+MI. T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of CV outcome compared with the IHD populations (±prior MI), (3-year incidence 4.78% vs 5.85% and 8.04%). The difference in CV outcome was primarily driven by a relative greater MI risk among the IHD patients. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger (<60 years) patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. Conclusions T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of the CV outcome compared with the T2D populations with IHD, primarily driven by a greater risk of MI. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. Our findings suggest that intense risk prevention should be the key strategy in the management of T2D patients, especially for younger patients.
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- Lindholm, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Combined association of key risk factors on ischaemic outcomes and bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 105:15, s. 1175-1181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), risk factors for bleeding and ischaemic events tend to overlap, but the combined effects of these factors have scarcely been studied in contemporary real-world settings. We aimed to assess the combined associations of established risk factors using nationwide registries.Methods: Using the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, patients with invasively managed MI in 2006-2014 were included. Six factors were assessed in relation to cardiovascular death (CVD)/MI/stroke, and major bleeding: age >= 65, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, multivessel disease, prior bleeding and prior MI.Results: We studied 100 879 patients, of whom 20 831 (20.6%) experienced CVD/MI/stroke and 5939 (5.9%) major bleeding, during 3.6 years median follow-up. In adjusted Cox models, all factors were associated with CVD/MI/stroke, and all but prior MI were associated with major bleeding. The majority (53.5%) had >= 2 risk factors. With each added risk factor, there was a marked but gradual increase in incidence of the CVD/MI/stroke. This was seen also for major bleeding, but to a lesser extent, largely driven by prior bleeding as the strongest risk factor.Conclusions: The majority of patients with MI had two or more established risk factors. Increasing number of risk factors was associated with higher rate of ischaemic events. When excluding patients with prior major bleeding, bleeding incidence rate increased only minimally with increasing number of risk factors. The high ischaemic risk in those with multiple risk factors highlights an unmet need for additional preventive measures.
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- Ueda, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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External Validation of the DAPT Score in a Nationwide Population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 72:10, s. 1069-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND The dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) score guides decisions on DAPT duration after coronary stenting by simultaneously predicting ischemic and bleeding risk. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the performance of the DAPT score in a nationwide real-world population. METHODS The study used register data in Sweden (2006 to 2014) and followed 41,101 patients who had undergone 12 months of event-free DAPT, from months 12 to 30 after stenting. Risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or stent thrombosis, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (MI, stroke, and all-cause death), and fatal or major bleeding were compared according to DAPT score. RESULTS The score had a discrimination of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.60) for MI or stent thrombosis, 0.54 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.55) for MACCE, and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.45 to 0.53) for fatal or major bleeding. Risk of MI or stent thrombosis was significantly increased at scores of >= 3 while MACCE risk followed a J-shaped pattern and increased at scores of >= 4. Absolute differences in fatal or major bleeding risk were small between scores. Event rates of ischemic and bleeding outcomes in patients with high (>= 2) and low (< 2) scores differed compared to the DAPT Study from which the score was derived; fatal or major bleeding rates were approximately one-half of those in the placebo arm of the DAPT Study. CONCLUSIONS In a nationwide population, the DAPT score did not adequately discriminate ischemic and bleeding risk, the relationship between score and ischemic risk did not correspond to the suggested decision rule for extended DAPT, and risk of bleeding was lower compared with the DAPT Study. The score and its decision rule may not be generalizable to real-world populations.
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