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- Caramaschi, Sara, 1998-, et al.
(författare)
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A Smartphone-Based Timed Up and Go Test for Parkinson’s Disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. - : Springer. - 9783031597169 - 9783031597176 ; , s. 515-519
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Timed-Up and Go test is a simple yet effective test used to evaluate balance and mobility in conditions that affect movement, such as Parkinson’s disease. This test can inform clinicians about the monitoring and progression of the disease by measuring the time taken to complete the test. We used a smartphone app to obtain the phone’s inertial data and implemented an algorithm to automatically extract the time taken to complete the test. We considered data collected from six healthy participants performing tests at different speeds. The proposed method was further tested on twelve participants with Parkinson’s disease based on a reference measurement in clinic. We show that, for both groups, we obtain good accuracy (RMSE = 3.42 and 1.95 s) and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85 and 0.83) between estimated duration and ground truth. We highlight limitations in our approach when the test is performed at very low speed or without a clear pause between the test and the user interaction with the phone.
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- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing CO2 Emissions by Substituting Biomass for Fossil Fuel
- 1995
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Ingår i: Energy. - 1873-6785. ; 20:11, s. 1097-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replacing fossil fuels with sustainably-produced biomass will reduce the net flow of CO2 to the atmosphere. We express the efficiency of this substitution in reduced emissions per unit of used land or biomass and in costs of the substitution per tonne of C. The substitution costs are calculated as the cost difference between continued use of fossil fuels at current prices and the use of biomass, assuming that the biomass technologies are implemented when reinvestments in existing technologies are required. Energy inputs into biomass production and conversion are biomass-based, resulting in a CO2-neutral fuel cycle, while CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are estimated for the complete fuel cycles. Substituting biomass for fossil fuels in electricity and heat production is, in general, less costly and provides larger CO2 reduction per unit of biomass than substituting biomass for gasoline or diesel used in vehicles. For transportation, methanol or ethanol produced from short-rotation forests or logging residues provide larger CO2-emission reductions than rape methyl ester from rape seed, biogas from lucerne (alfalfa), or ethanol from wheat. Of these, methanol has the lowest emission-reduction costs. Increasing biomass used by 125 TWh/yr, the estimated potential for increased utilization of logging residues, straw and energy crops, would eliminate more than one-half of the Swedish CO2 emissions from fossil fuels of 15 Mtonnes C in 1992.
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- Viereckel, Thomas, 1987-
(författare)
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United in Diversity : A Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Subpopulations in the Basal Ganglia Circuitry
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Basal Ganglia consist of a number of different nuclei that form a diverse circuitry of GABAergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons. This complex network is further organized in subcircuits that govern limbic and motor functions in humans and other vertebrates. Due to the interconnection of the individual structures, dysfunction in one area or cell population can affect the entire network, leading to synaptic and molecular alterations in the circuitry as a whole. The studies in this doctoral thesis aimed at characterizing restricted subpopulations of neurons in the Basal Ganglia circuitry and their importance in the wider function of the network. To this end, we identified subpopulations of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), characterized their molecular profile and investigated their physiological role in the circuitry.Within the mouse STN, reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmission in a subpopulation expressing Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) led to structural alterations in the nucleus as well as biochemical alterations of the dopaminergic system in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc) and changes in reward-related behavior. In the ventral midbrain, we identified and characterized novel marker genes selective to the VTA or SN. Of these, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1) marks a population of mainly glutamatergic neurons in the VTA which project to the NAc, while gastrin releasing peptide (Grp) is expressed in a population of dopaminergic neurons neuroprotected in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we discovered that disruption of glutamatergic co-release of dopaminergic neurons expressing dopamine transporter (DAT), diminishes fast EPSCs and glutamate release but does not affect the acquisition of reward-related behavioral tasks. To selectively quantify glutamate release from specific subpopulations, we devised a technique combining glutamate-amperometry and optogenetics. This was used to measure glutamate released from Pitx2-expressing synaptic terminals in the Globus pallidus as well as DAT- or TrpV1-expressing terminals in the NAc.In summary, this doctoral thesis has furthered understanding of the function and importance of specific subpopulations within the Basal Ganglia circuitry and provides a novel means to investigate glutamate in the intact rodent brain within clearly defined, restricted cell populations.
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