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- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The living standards of the labouring classes in Sweden, 1750–1900: Evidence from rural probate inventories
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents new estimates of the living standards among the rural labouring classes in Sweden from 1750 to 1900. Starting with a database of more than 1,000 probate inventories of rural landless and semi-landless people from the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900, we study the development for crofters in particular. We measure their assets and debts in great detail, mapping the development of material living standards over time. We show that the typically used real wage approach to living standards gives only a partial impression of the development of proletarian living standards. Above all, the decline of Swedish living standards from 1750 to 1800 is overestimated because of overreliance on grain prices for the CPI. We show the advantages of using probate inventories for studying living standards, since they give a composite estimate of households’ material conditions, no matter what combinations of wage-labour, subsistence work and by-employment are used. This has relevance not only for Sweden, but for studies of historical living standards in general.
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- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The living standards of the labouring classes in Sweden, 1750–1900: Evidence from rural probate inventories
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agricultural History Review. - 0002-1490. ; 70:1, s. 49-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new estimates of the living standards among the rural labouring classes in Sweden from 1750 to 1900. Starting with a database of more than 1,000 probate inventories of rural, landless and semi-landless people from the years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900, we study the development for crofters in particular. In a sub-sample of 120 probate inventories we map in great detail the material items of the crofter households, focusing especially on two categories: the means of production (animals and agricultural tools) and consumption goods. The crofters held over time fewer means of production but more consumption goods: glass, porcelain, mirrors, and clocks become more common. However, the decrease in means of production indicates a greater dependence on wage labour, rising land prices made it more difficult to become a farmer, and housing standards stayed poor. The study shows the usefulness of probate inventories to study labouring people’s living standards.
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- Buckland, Philip I., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating human dimensions of Arctic palaeoenvironmental science : SEAD – the strategic environmental archaeology database
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 38:2, s. 345-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental change has a human dimension, and has had so for at least the last 10 000 years. The prehistoric impact of people on the Arctic landscape has occasionally left visible traces, such as house and field structures. More often than not, however, the only evidence available is at the microscopic or geochemical level, such as fossil insect and seed assemblages or changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils and sediments. These records are the subject of SEAD, a multidisciplinary database and software project currently underway at Umeå University, Sweden, which aims to create an online database and set of tools for investigating these traces, as part of an international research infrastructure for palaeoecology and environmental archaeology.
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- Chiavari, C, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric corrosion of historical organ pipes: The influence of environment and materials
- 2008
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 50:9, s. 2444-2455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion of lead-rich pipes in historical organs in different parts of Europe has been investigated. The influence of the environment and the composition and microstructure of the pipe metal was studied. Pipe Corrosion was documented by visual inspection (boroscope). The corrosion attack and the composition and microstructure of the metal were characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, IC and FAAS. It is shown that the degree of corrosion of the pipes is correlated to the concentration of gaseous acetic and formic acid in the organ. The organic acids are emitted by the wood from which the wind system is built. It is also shown that pipe corrosion decreases with increasing tin content in the range 0-4% (wt). Possible conservation strategies are discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Gislén, Ylva, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Människans politiska natur
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fronesis. - Stockholm : Tidskriftsföreningen Fronesis. - 1404-2614. - 9789197747929 ; :35, s. 8-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Hellström, Martin
(författare)
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Förpackningens förvandlingar : Konsumtion och karneval i barnboken
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Här studeras den massproducerade förpackningen som motiv inom ett flertal barnböcker, såsom Pippi Långstrump och Mio min Mio av Astrid Lindgren, Charlie and the Chocolate factory av Roald Dahl, In the Night Kitchen av Maurice Sendak, Korken flyger av Barbro Lindgren, samt ett flertal verk av Tove Jansson och Herge. I dessa verk ses förpackningen som den främsta symbolen för vårt konsumtionssamhälle. Detta samhälles konturer och sätt att fungera beskrivs i den teoretiska bakgrunden med främst Zygmunt Baumans studier av hur människan i hög grad är underställd kravet att konsumera och snabbt förpassa tingen till soptippen, vilket också påverkar de mänskliga relationerna. Men genom de verk som här studeras ses de slängda konsumtionstingen, förpackningarna, med nya funktioner och värden. De representerar något annat än den vara som den härbärgerar, eller skräpet då varan är förbrukad. Förpackningen förvandlas och upprättar därmed ett motstånd gentemot konsumtionssamhällets styrande principer. Skräpet förvägras vara skräp. Detta kan dels ses ha sarnhörighe.t med barnets egna lekar, men också med den karnevalstradition och de folkliga upptåg och omtolkningar av tingen och av de hierarkiska strukturer som Michail Bachtin beskriver. Slutsatsen som dras är att förpackningarna i materialet representerar ett annat sätt att leva gentemot konsumtionen, genom att ta hand om de slängda tingen, men också genom att se till det som finns och det värde det kan ges, istället för att eftersträva nya varor.
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