| 1. |
- Jakobsson, Erik, 1960-
(författare)
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Mot en ny vuxenutbildningspolitik? : Regional utveckling som policy och praktik
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen beskriver och analyserar ett regionalt utvecklingsinitiativ i nätverksform, genom vilket de kommunala lärcentrumen i Örebro län samverkar för att utveckla en gemensam infrastruktur för vuxnas lärande. Detta innebär, exempelvis, att utveckla former för samverkan mellan olika regionala aktörer inom området, öka samordningen och samverkan inom den kommunala vuxenutbildningen och utveckla metoder för lärande med fokus på arbetet och arbetsplatsen.Den övergripande forskningsfrågan kan formuleras på följande sätt: Vilka är förutsättningarna för att genom regional samverkan, med en horisontell organisering i nätverksform, utveckla politiken, planeringen och organiseringen för vuxnas lärande, och med vilka teoretiska och metodologiska perspektiv kan vi förstå såväl problem som möjligheter?Två övergripande teoretiska perspektiv presenteras i avhandlingen, som relateras till det studerade fallet. Det gäller å ena sidan ett traditionellt planeringsperspektiv och å andra sidan ett evolutionärt lärandeperspektiv. Dessa perspektiv utgör både kontraster och komplement till varandra. Planeringsperspektivet har ’policysändaren’ som utgångspunkt, medan lärandeperspektivet har ’policymottagaren’ som utgångspunkt. Diskussionen i avhandlingen behandlar också de möjligheter som finns att kombinera de båda övergripande perspektiven, både som analytiska och strategiska perspektiv.Sammantaget kan studien av nätverket beskrivas som en kvalitativt inriktad fallstudie, där mitt kontinuerliga deltagande över tid i nätverkets sammankomster är ett centralt inslag. Intervjuer, en enkätundersökning, diskussioner och dokumentstudier utgör också material till studien. En interaktiv forskningsansats har tillämpats, som syftar till en gemensam kunskapsbildning och lärprocess mellan deltagarna och forskaren. Metodologiskt hämtar studien inspiration från den vetenskapsfilosofiska inriktning som kallas kritisk realism.En hastig överblick över studiens resultat ger vid handen att mycket av det som diskuterats i nätverket har stannat vid intentioner och har inte blivit omsatt i en praktik. Nätverket har också förblivit ganska internt, med en krets av lärcentrum- och vuxenutbildningschefer. Lite tillspetsat kan man säga att nätverket varken arbetat sig ’nedåt’ i respektive lokal organisation eller ’uppåt’ mot den politiska sfären, eller ’utåt’ mot det omgivande samhället och arbetslivet.Nätverket har onekligen ändå skapat nya och bättre förutsättningar för samarbete mellan lärcentrumen. Det finns nu betydligt mer av en gemensam förståelse och någonting att bygga vidare på, regionalt och lokalt. Det är också hoppfullt att se att nätverket fortsätter sitt arbete trots att det inte längre har externt stöd. Nätverket har, förefaller det, etablerat sig som en gemensam utvecklingsorganisation för deltagarna, och har nått ett stadium där mer konkreta och påtagliga former av samverkan börjar äga rum.
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| 2. |
- Lindahl, Mattias, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial cleaning with Qlean Water : a case study of printed circuit boards
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 47, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many manufacturing companies are looking for ways to substitute environmentally problematic cleaning methods for surface treatments with more environmentally friendly ones. In this paper, one potential solution is described. The Qlean method, based on cleaning with highly pure water (in this paper defined as Qlean Water), is a novel cleaning method. This method, now utilized at one plant at a leading major international electronic company, has substituted previous chemical-based methods for cleaning printed circuit boards prior to lacquering. This paper presents, based on that company's primary data, a comparative study using environmental analysis and economic life cycle cost review between cleaning with Qlean Water and conventional cleaning. The focus is on the environmental and economic performance of the two alternatives. The conclusion is that Qlean Water offers both a significant economic and environmental cost reduction and a better product. This is the case even though all identified economic benefits derived from using Qlean Water, e.g. that the quality and technical lifetime have been extended for the printed circuit boards with the Qlean Water cleaning method, are not considered in the economic analysis.
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| 3. |
- Avby, Gunilla
(författare)
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Evidence in practice : On knowledge use and learning in social work
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Against the backdrop of the transformations in the entire framing of professional work, social work has come under close scrutiny in many countries, including Sweden. Doubts have been raised about practitioners’ existing knowledge base, and the importance of practitioners engaging in learning and the renewal and extension of professional capacities has been emphasized.The present thesis concerns knowledge use and learning in the daily practices of child investigation work. The aim is to explore processes of knowledge use and learning in practice. The study is based on a mix of qualitative approaches, basically from ethnography, comprising methods such as participant observations, interviews, reflective dialogues and documentary analysis of case data.The main findings demonstrate that investigation work is characterized mainly by the use of practice-based knowledge. Research-based knowledge is predominantly used as a means of explaining a client’s situation or to underpin and legitimize one’s own beliefs and decisions made on other grounds. Professional learning is largely adaptive in character, as the social workers learn to handle tasks in a fairly routinized way on the basis of rules or procedures that draw on existing knowledge in the practice setting.Two conclusions are drawn: First, the use of knowledge in child investigation work bears little resemblance to principles of evidence-based practice. Second, the reproduction of professional knowledge is largely implicit and taken for granted. The study offers insight into the much-discussed topic of putting knowledge into practice, which is of importance to strategies for organizing profes sional learning and knowledgeable practice.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Battlefield trauma care
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62nd Annual Meeting. - : Sage Publications. ; , s. 634-638
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Rapid and structured medical care is important to increase wounded patients’ chances of survival in modern warfare. This requires a functioning medical chain. Aim: The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge of how the battlefield trauma care affects patient outcome in situations with a large number of casualties in the Swedish armed forces. Methods: An empirical study with a convergent parallel mixed methods design, which included observations and semi-structured interviews. Results: The results show that the trauma care performed at Role 1-units functioned well. The most prominent issue discovered was deficiency in transportation resources for medical evacuation throughout the entire medical chain. Conclusion: Despite that the trauma care performed at Role 1-units functions well, casualties are at risk for preventable complications or death. Improved transportation logistics are required to improve the medical capabilities of the Swedish armed forces.
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| 5. |
- Billing, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Finding Your Way from the Bed to the Kitchen: Reenacting and Recombining Sensorimotor Episodes Learned from Human Demonstration
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Robotics and Ai. - Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several simulation theories have been proposed as an explanation for how humans and other agents internalize an "inner world" that allows them to simulate interactions with the external real world - prospectively and retrospectively. Such internal simulation of interaction with the environment has been argued to be a key mechanism behind mentalizing and planning. In the present work, we study internal simulations in a robot acting in a simulated human environment. A model of sensory-motor interactions with the environment is generated from human demonstrations and tested on a Robosoft Kompai robot. The model is used as a controller for the robot, reproducing the demonstrated behavior. Information from several different demonstrations is mixed, allowing the robot to produce novel paths through the environment, toward a goal specified by top-down contextual information. The robot model is also used in a covert mode, where the execution of actions is inhibited and perceptions are generated by a forward model. As a result, the robot generates an internal simulation of the sensory-motor interactions with the environment. Similar to the overt mode, the model is able to reproduce the demonstrated behavior as internal simulations. When experiences from several demonstrations are combined with a top-down goal signal, the system produces internal simulations of novel paths through the environment. These results can be understood as the robot imagining an "inner world" generated from previous experience, allowing it to try out different possible futures without executing actions overtly. We found that the success rate in terms of reaching the specified goal was higher during internal simulation, compared to overt action. These results are linked to a reduction in prediction errors generated during covert action. Despite the fact that the model is quite successful in terms of generating covert behavior toward specified goals, internal simulations display different temporal distributions compared to their overt counterparts. Links to human cognition and specifically mental imagery are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital thrombolysis delivered by paramedics is associated with reduced time delay and mortality in ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 27:10, s. 1146-1152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: There are sparse data on the impact of pre-hospital thrombolysis (PHT) in real-life patients. We therefore evaluated treatment delays and outcome in a large cohort of ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to PHT delivered by paramedics or in-hospital thrombolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort study used data from the Swedish Register of Cardiac intensive care on patients admitted to the coronary care units of 75 Swedish hospitals in 2001-2004. Ambulance-transported thrombolytic-treated patients younger than age 80 with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were included. Patients with PHT (n=1690) were younger, had a lower prevalence of co-morbid conditions, fewer complications, and a higher ejection fraction (EF) than in-hospital-treated patients (n=3685). Median time from symptom onset to treatment was 113 min for PHT and 165 min for in-hospital thrombolysis. One-year mortality was 7.2 vs. 11.8% for PHT and in-hospital thrombolysis, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, after adjusting for baseline characteristics and rescue angioplasty, PHT was associated with lower 1-year mortality (odds ratio 0.71, 0.55-0.92, P=0.008). CONCLUSION: When compared with regular in-hospital thrombolysis, pre-hospital diagnosis and thrombolysis with trained paramedics in the ambulances are associated with reduced time to thrombolysis by almost 1 h and reduced adjusted 1-year mortality by 30% in real-life STEMI patients.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brulin, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Partssamverkan för effektiva produktionssystem och tillväxt
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Den hållbara svenska modellen. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949181 ; , s. 69-89
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska modellen lever - trots stora omvälvningar, kriser och strukturomvandlingar. Här skildras hur arbetsorganisation, effektivitet i svensk industri och olika innovationssystem har utvecklats inom ramen för en övergripande svensk modell under efterkrigstidens alltmer globaliserade värld. Genom att belysa historiens roll lyfts centrala framtidsfrågor fram, som vilken roll bland annat management och kringliggande institutionella faktorer kan spela för innovationspotentialen i svenskt näringsliv framöver. Den svenska modellen i en vidare tolkning har uppvisat en stor överlevnadsförmåga, men frågan om innovationer förblir central för dess framtid.
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| 9. |
- Brulin, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Programmes to promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation : A study of the art, design and impact issues
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 56:th ISCB world conference. - 9780981902838 ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Europe 2020 strategy EU puts forward three mutually reinforcing priorities smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. A main driving force are innovation programmes. Our understanding of programme-drivingwill always be tentative but can be improved. Analysis of programmedriving provides an alternative way of tackling the problem. It is an approach that enhances the understanding – contextually, practically and theoretically. Rather than heading for final, concrete and onedimensionaloften quantitative knowledge we should get used to the fact that our understanding always will be fragmentary and imperfect though, on a higher level! Knowledge on innovation programme-driving should improve innovation institutions/practices/ethos in different respects.
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| 10. |
- Claesson, Carina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility of staphylococci and enterococci to antimicrobial agents at different ward levels in four north European countries
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:11-12, s. 1002-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multicentre susceptibility study was performed on staphylococci and enterococci isolated from patients at 3 different ward levels: primary care centres (PCCs), general hospital wards (GHWs) and intensive care units (ICUs), in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. There was a markedly higher incidence of resistance among CoNS in ICUs compared to GHWs and PCCs. Resistance rates were low among S. aureus isolates and no differences were found between the ward levels. Oxacillin resistance was found among 1.6% of S. aureus and 47% of CoNS isolates. 14% of CoNS and 0.9% of S. aureus isolates were glycopeptide intermediate. The prevalence of E. faecium isolates in this study differed significantly between the ward levels with the lowest prevalence found at PCCs. High level gentamicin resistant (HLGR) enterococci occurred in 11-25% of E. faecium and 6-20% of E. faecalis isolates. The HLGR rate was significantly higher among E. faecalis from hospitalized patients (GHWs and ICUs) compared to patients at PCCs. For enterococcal isolates, no other significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were found between the ward levels. All enterococci were teicoplanin susceptible, but decreased susceptibility to vancomycin was found among 2.0% and 0.6% of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, respectively.
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