| 1. |
- Buckland, Philip I., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating human dimensions of Arctic palaeoenvironmental science : SEAD – the strategic environmental archaeology database
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 38:2, s. 345-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental change has a human dimension, and has had so for at least the last 10 000 years. The prehistoric impact of people on the Arctic landscape has occasionally left visible traces, such as house and field structures. More often than not, however, the only evidence available is at the microscopic or geochemical level, such as fossil insect and seed assemblages or changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils and sediments. These records are the subject of SEAD, a multidisciplinary database and software project currently underway at Umeå University, Sweden, which aims to create an online database and set of tools for investigating these traces, as part of an international research infrastructure for palaeoecology and environmental archaeology.
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| 2. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Förord
- 2008
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Ingår i: Kartan i forskningens tjänst. - Uppsala : Kungl.Gustav Adolfs Akademien.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Flach, Carl-Fredrik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Does antifouling paint select for antibiotic resistance?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 590, s. 461-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is concern that heavy metals and biocides contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance via co-selection. Most antifouling paints contain high amounts of such substances, which risks turning painted ship hulls into highly mobile refuges and breeding grounds for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objectives of this study were to start investigate if heavy-metal based antifouling paints can pose a risk for co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and, if so, identify the underlying genetic basis. Plastic panels with one side painted with copper and zinc-containing antifouling paint were submerged in a Swedish marina and biofilms from both sides of the panels were harvested after 2.5-4 weeks. DNA was isolated from the biofilms and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Biofilm bacteria were cultured on marine agar supplemented with tetracycline, gentamicin, copper sulfate or zinc sulfate. Biofilm communities from painted surfaces displayed lower taxonomic diversity and enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteria from these communities showed increased resistance to both heavy metals and tetracycline but not to gentamicin. Significantly higher abundance of metal and biocide resistance genes was observed, whereas mobile antibiotic resistance genes were not enriched in these communities. In contrast, we found an enrichment of chromosomal RND efflux system genes, including such with documented ability to confer decreased susceptibility to both antibiotics and biocides/heavy metals. This was paralleled by increased abundances of integron-associated integrase and ISCR transposase genes. The results show that the heavy metal-based antifouling paint exerts a strong selection pressure on marine bacterial communities and can co-select for certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria, likely by favoring species and strains carrying genes that provide cross-resistance. Although this does not indicate an immediate risk for promotion of mobile antibiotic resistance, the clear increase of genes involved in mobilizing DNA provides a foundation for increased opportunities for gene transfer in such communities, which might also involve yet unknown resistance mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Gislén, Ylva, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Människans politiska natur
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fronesis. - Stockholm : Tidskriftsföreningen Fronesis. - 1404-2614. - 9789197747929 ; :35, s. 8-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Guan, Jikui, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 2373-2873. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumors with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. While mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, due to lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germ-line FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Mono-therapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 months treatment, residual primary tumor was surgically removed and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 months treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
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| 7. |
- Hedström, Erik M, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 81:1, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Fractures are most common in youth and in the elderly, with differences in incidence over time and between regions. We present the fracture pattern in a population of youths ≤ 19 years of age, who were seen at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden. Material and methods All injuries seen at the hospital have been recorded in a database since 1993. The data include variables such as age, sex, date, type of injury, mechanism of injury, and treatment. For the period 1993–2007, there were 10,203 injury events that had resulted in at least 1 fracture. Results The incidence for the whole period was 201/104 person years. The incidence increased by 13% during the period 1998–2007, when we were able to control for registration errors. The most common fracture site was the distal forearm. The most common type of injury mechanism was falling. The peak incidence occurred at 11–12 years in girls and at 13–14 years in boys, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1.5. We found variations in mechanisms and activities at injury with age, and over time. Interpretation Fractures are caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that vary with age. We believe the increase in incidence is partly explained by changes in children's activity patterns over time. Further research may help to identify preventive measures to reduce the number of fractures, in particular those involving hospital care, surgical treatment, and—most importantly—long-term impairment. Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17453671003628780
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| 8. |
- Hedström, Erik M, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents : Increased incidence over the past decade: a population-based study from northrn Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 81:1, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Fractures are most common in youth and in the elderly, with differences in incidence over time and between regions. We present the fracture pattern in a population of youths <= 19 years of age, who were seen at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden. Material and methods All injuries seen at the hospital have been recorded in a database since 1993. The data include variables such as age, sex, date, type of injury, mechanism of injury, and treatment. For the period 1993-2007, there were 10,203 injury events that had resulted in at least 1 fracture. Results The incidence for the whole period was 201/104 person years. The incidence increased by 13% during the period 1998-2007, when we were able to control for registration errors. The most common fracture site was the distal forearm. The most common type of injury mechanism was falling. The peak incidence occurred at 11-12 years in girls and at 13-14 years in boys, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1.5. We found variations in mechanisms and activities at injury with age, and over time. Interpretation Fractures are caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that vary with age. We believe the increase in incidence is partly explained by changes in children's activity patterns over time. Further research may help to identify preventive measures to reduce the number of fractures, in particular those involving hospital care, surgical treatment, and-most importantly-long-term impairment.
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| 9. |
- Holmer, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture incidence in GH-deficient patients on complete hormone replacement including GH
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 22:12, s. 1842-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fracture risk in GHD patients is not definitely established. Studying fracture incidence in 832 patients on GH therapy and 2581 matched population controls, we recorded a doubled fracture risk in CO GHD women, but a significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men. Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture incidence in patients wilh confirmed growth hormone deficiency (GHD) on replacement therapy (including growth hormone [GH]) compared with population controls, while also taking potential confounders and effect modifiers into account. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred thirty-two patients with GHD and 2581 matched population controls answered a questionnaire about fractures and other background information. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI for first fracture were estimated. The median time on GH therapy for childhood onset (CO) GHD men and women was 15 and 12 yr, respectively, and 6 and 5 yr for adult onset (AO) GHD men and women, respectively. Results: A more than doubled risk (IRR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.23-4.28) for nonosteoporotic fractures was recorded in women with CO GHD, whereas no risk increase was observed among CO GHD men (IRR. 0.61) and AO GHD women (IRR, 1.08). A significantly decreased incidence of fractures (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.86) was recorded in AO GHD men. Conclusions: Increased fracture risk in CO GHD women can most likely be explained by interaction between oral estrogen and the GH-IGF-I axis. The adequate substitution rate of testosterone (90%) and GH (94%) may have resulted in significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men.
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| 10. |
- Holmer, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Nonfatal stroke, cardiac disease, and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients on hormone replacement including growth hormone
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 92:9, s. 3560-3567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The impact of long-term GH replacement on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients is unknown. Objective: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2D) and cardioprotective medication were compared between cohorts of GH-deficient (GHD) patients and population controls. Design and Participants: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events was estimated retrospectively from questionnaires in 750 GHD patients and 2314 matched population controls. A prevalence of T2D and cardioprotective medication was recorded at the distribution of questionnaires. Time since first pituitary deficiency to start of GH therapy was 4 and 2 yr, and time on GH therapy was 6 yr for GHD women and men, respectively. Results: Lifelong incidence of nonfatal stroke was tripled in GHD women and doubled in GHD men, but a decline was seen in both genders during periods after first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD, during which most patients had GH therapy. The lifelong incidence of nonfatal cardiac events declined in GHD men during first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD periods. GHD women had a higher prevalence of T2D and lipid-lowering medication, whereas GHD men had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: The declined risks of nonfatal stroke in both genders and of nonfatal cardiac events in GHD men during periods on GH replacement may be caused by prescription of cardioprotective drugs and 6-yr GH replacement. GHD women had an increased prevalence of T2D, partly attributed to higher body mass index and lower physical activity.
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