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Sökning: WFRF:(Svensson Erik) > (2000-2019) > Bokkapitel

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1.
  • Gärdenäs, Annemieki, et al. (författare)
  • Estimating soil carbon stock changes by process-based models and soil inventories : uncertainties and complementarities
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9781119970019
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this chapter, four examples of scientific questions and challenges in which process-oriented modelling could provide a useful contribution for accounting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and changes are presented. These challenges include cases i) when measurements are either time-consuming and/or expensive or there are methodological limitations; ii) an attempt to verify the national soil inventory estimates through comparison with process-based model estimates; iii) prediction of the potential impact on SOC changes due to land-use change; and iv) a comparison of different scenarios for mitigating GHG-emissions. We found that the use of process-based models offers a complementary way to account SOC change and provides an option for assessing the potential impact of climate and land-use change on SOC stocks. However, uncertainty in model estimates is inherent and needs to be communicated. Progress has been made in the assessment of uncertainty and there is growing awareness of how this uncertainty can be communicated. Suggestions for collaborative approaches are presented in order to reduce the uncertainties.
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2.
  • Svensson, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Anthropometrics and Ergonomics Assessment in the IMMA Manikin
  • 2011. - 1
  • Ingår i: Advances in Applied Digital Human Modeling. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9780429151842 - 9781439835128 - 9781439835111 ; , s. 139-144
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In earlier verification and validation studies for digital Human Modeling Systems (HMSs) in an F-16 cockpit application, the initial positioning and posturing of the manikins were found to be the greatest source of error in calculations of manikin reach and clearance (Oudenhuijzen et al. 2002). The goal for this project was to develop a method to reduce these errors based on "training" the HMSs. In essence, this training enables the manikins to assume realistic postures by employing 3D body scans of real people in an actual F-16 ACES II ejection seat. This was the starting point for defining manikin initial position, and posture during reach, as well as to quantify the effects of the restraint system and the protective equipment in an F-16 cockpit environment. The Safework HMS was chosen as the modeling system to be "trained." Fourteen subjects with a considerable range in body dimensions were selected for the modeling activities in this project. Their scan data were collected under two conditions while seated in the F-16 ACES II ejection seat: 1) wearing stretch shorts (and sports bras for females) to serve as baseline data; and 2) wearing a full pilot cold water immersion ensemble (small subjects only). The resulting subject data were used to produce 15 reach posture libraries for the Safework HMS. These libraries can be considered as a kind of fidelity profile that quantified, and simultaneously accounted for, the effects of the restraint system, protective equipment, and tissue deformation in this seated cockpit environment. The average difference between the small subject reach envelopes and their corresponding manikin envelopes (compared at the radial styloid on the wrist for all 15 reach directions) had an error range of +/ - 7 mm. Hence, the library is considered to be highly accurate and verified for anthropometric accommodation studies on the F-16 when using the HMS Safework and the resulting posture libraries. The positioning accuracy for accommodation tasks was also found to be accurate. Manikin eye location, during positioning in accommodation tasks, lies between +/- 6 mm in the vertical Z direction, and much smaller (+/- 2 to 7 mm) in the horizontal directions.
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3.
  • Andersson, Karin, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Methods and Tools for Environmental Assessment.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation; Andersson, K., Brynolf, S., Lindgren, F.J. & Wilewska-Bien (eds.).. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 265-293
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Selecting measures to reduce the overall environmental impact associated with shipping can be a difficult task, and a systematic approach is needed. There is risk of sub-optimisation and counteraction of different measures with one another if decisions are made based on fragmented decision support. An example of a system effect is the long lifetime of ships, which slows the introduction of new technologies. Therefore, design and retrofits must fulfil not only present but also future requirements for environmental sustainability. This chapter describes the basic details of several methods and tools that can be used in environmental assessments within the shipping industry. The methods and tools described are grouped into three categories: (1) procedural tools, (2) analytical tools and (3) aggregated tools. Examples of procedural tools are environmental impact assessment, multi-criteria decision analysis and risk management; life cycle assessment (LCA) and environmental risk assessment are examples of analytical tools. Aggregated tools include indicators, indices, and footprints.
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4.
  • Andersson, Karin, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Shipping and the environment
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 3-27
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Humans have always had a close relationship with the aquatic environment, including the early use of the sea for food harvesting and communication. Today, the sea is an important component of the transportation system, with large amounts of cargo and passengers. This chapter provides a short introduction to ships and shipping, focussing primarily on commercial ships; nonetheless, many of the emissions, impacts and measures discussed throughout this book are common to other sectors, such as leisure, research and fishing. This chapter also introduces the environmental impacts related to ship operations. Ship transportation has increased tremendously since the industrial revolution, which has resulted in increased emissions due to shipping and increased stresses on the environment. However, this trend is not only related to shipping. Currently, there are several warning signs that we are not taking care of the Earth and its ecosystem in a sustainable manner, that the Earth's ecosystems are degrading and that natural capital is being exploited, e.g., by the burning of fossil fuels. The marine industry is a component of our society; similar to all industry sectors, it contributes to unsustainable patterns in our society. Although the marine industry is a contributor to these problems, it can also be part of the solution, yet several challenges must be addressed. Sustainability and related concepts, such as ecosystem services, planetary boundaries and resilience thinking, could be used as guidance in addressing these challenges. Humans have always had a close relationship with the aquatic environment. Indeed, a scientific discussion debates whether the first humans evolved in a dry land environment, on the savannah, or in shallow water environments (as the "water man" or "aquatic ape") [1]. With respect to environmental awareness, the sea has come into focus relatively late compared with other natural areas. Independent of this observation, the sea has served as an important transportation route and a source of food and recreation throughout history. In a world where more than 70 % of the surface is covered by oceans, our interaction with and dependence on the sea in numerous aspects is obvious.
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5.
  • Brulin, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Partssamverkan för effektiva produktionssystem och tillväxt
  • 2012. - 1
  • Ingår i: Den hållbara svenska modellen. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949181 ; , s. 69-89
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den svenska modellen lever - trots stora omvälvningar, kriser och strukturomvandlingar. Här skildras hur arbetsorganisation, effektivitet i svensk industri och olika innovationssystem har utvecklats inom ramen för en övergripande svensk modell under efterkrigstidens alltmer globaliserade värld. Genom att belysa historiens roll lyfts centrala framtidsfrågor fram, som vilken roll bland annat management och kringliggande institutionella faktorer kan spela för innovationspotentialen i svenskt näringsliv framöver. Den svenska modellen  i en vidare tolkning  har uppvisat en stor överlevnadsförmåga, men frågan om innovationer förblir central för dess framtid.
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6.
  • Brynolf, Selma, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Improving environmental performance in shipping
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 399-418
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This book addresses the environmental issues related to shipping and the natural environment, including descriptions of and proposed solutions to the issues. Currently, challenges exist that must be addressed if shipping is to become sustainable and fulfil the zero vision of no harmful emissions to the environment. In this chapter, we evaluate the steps that have been taken (if any) to limit the various environmental issues and discuss possible steps to be taken to improve environmental performance. Furthermore, future challenges must also be addressed, e.g., the current trend of increasing ship operations in the Arctic. In general, three factors could be addressed in order to reach environmentally sustainable shipping: regulations, technical solutions, and increased environmental awareness. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. All rights are reserved.
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7.
  • Cousins, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • I nattviolens hage
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Olsson, R. (red), Mångfaldsmarker. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 9789189232297 ; , s. 9-28
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I en svensk naturbetesmark kan man hitta över 40 växtarter inom en enda kvadratmeter. Det är världsrekord. En stor del av de arter som finns i betesmarkerna förekommer inte i andra naturtyper. Idag återstår inte mer än en tiondel av den areal naturbetesmarker som fanns i Sverige för drygt 100 år sedan. Igenväxningen hotar inte bara en lång rad arter. Också stora kulturhistoriska värden och vårt vackra, variationsrika odlingslandskap står på spel. Fortsatt hävd förutsätter att det finns en levande landsbygd med bärkraftiga jordbruksföretag.
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8.
  • Cousins, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • I nattviolens hage
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Olsson, R. (red), Mångfaldsmarker. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. ; , s. 9-28
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I en svensk naturbetesmark kan man hitta över 40 växtarter inom en enda kvadratmeter. Det är världsrekord. En stor del av de arter som finns i betesmarkerna förekommer inte i andra naturtyper. Idag återstår inte mer än en tiondel av den areal naturbetesmarker som fanns i Sverige för drygt 100 år sedan. Igenväxningen hotar inte bara en lång rad arter. Också stora kulturhistoriska värden och vårt vackra, variationsrika odlingslandskap står på spel. Fortsatt hävd förutsätter att det finns en levande landsbygd med bärkraftiga jordbruksföretag.
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9.
  • Edlund, Lars-Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Förord
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Kartan i forskningens tjänst. - Uppsala : Kungl.Gustav Adolfs Akademien.
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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10.
  • Eklöf, Anders, 1956-, et al. (författare)
  • So I Sat Down with my mother : connectedness orientation and pupils’ independence
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Education and Technology for a Better World. - : Springer. - 3642031145
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Swedish educational policy underlines the importance of independence. In this paper we use socio-cultural theory and Foucault to explain how pupils’ independency is transformed into something else in their work. Our results derive from analyses of filmed sessions and entries in the pupils’ logbooks. Our findings demonstrate that the pupils’ definitions of independence differ from those of the course plan in several aspects: i) the use of certain resources is not considered to show lack of independence, ii) doing things yourself is considered being most independent and iii) to follow instructions, even if this means violating your unique personal thought, is considered a prerequisite for passing/getting good grades and as such a necessary adaption to the school context, sooner than a sign of dependency. Consequently we argue that pupil independency should be regarded as a phenomenon chiseled out within a community of practice rather than a personal capacity.
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