| 1. |
- Frago, Enric, et al.
(författare)
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Common pheromone use among host-associated populations of the browntail moth, euproctis chrysorrhoea, displaying different adult phenologies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Entomologia Generalis. - : Schweizerbart. - 0171-8177. ; 39:3-4, s. 295-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diversity of herbivorous insects may arise from colonization and subsequent specialization on different host plants. Such specialization requires changes in several insect traits, which may lead to host race formation if they reduce gene flow among populations that feed on different plants. Behavioural changes may play a relevant role in host race formation, for example if different races evolve distinct sexual communication signals or adult phenology. Previous research has revealed differences in larval phenology in different host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Here, sex pheromones among populations of this species are compared, and pheromone trapping data obtained is used in the field to build a phenological model that tests whether populations that feed on different plants differ in their adult flight period. The chemical and electrophysiological analyses revealed that two E. chrysorrhoea populations (on Prunus and on Arbutus unedo) use the same sex pheromone component for mate finding. Our trapping data, however, showed that males fly on average 25 days earlier in populations whose larvae feed on A. unedo compared to those whose larvae feed on Quercus species. Although the shifted phenology described here may underlie host-plant specialization in E. chrysorrhoea, and adults of this species are short-lived, the use of a common sexual pheromone and a large overlap in flight periods suggest that host race formation via allochronic isolation is unlikely in this moth.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Holmgren, Christina M, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Medication Preceding Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Where Resuscitation Was Attempted
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0160-2446 .- 1533-4023. ; 63:6, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe recent changes in medication preceding out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) where resuscitation was attempted. Methods: OHCA victims were identified by the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register and linked by means of their unique 10-digit personal identification numbers to the Prescribed Drug Register. We identified new claimed prescriptions during a 6-month period before the OHCA compared with those claimed in the period 12 to 18 months before. The 7-digit Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical codes of individual drugs were used. The study period was November 2007-January 2011. Results: OHCA victims with drugs were (1) older than those who did not claim any drugs in any period (70 +/- 16 years vs. 54 +/- 22 years, P < 0.001), (2) more often women (34% vs. 20%, P < 0.001), and (3) had more often a presumed cardiac etiology (67% vs. 54%, P < 0.001). The OHCA victims were less likely to have ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation as the first recorded ;rhythm (26% vs. 33%, P < 0.001) or to survive 1 month (9% vs. 17%, P < 0.0001). New prescriptions were claimed by 5122 (71%) of 7243 OHCA victims. The most frequently claimed new drugs were paracetamol (acetaminophen) 10.3%, furosemide 7.8%, and omeprazole 7.6%. Of drugs known or supposed to cause QT prolongation, ciprofloxacin was the most frequent (3.4%) altogether; 16% had a new claimed prescription of a drug included in the "qtdrugs.org" lists. Conclusions: Most OHCA victims had new drugs prescribed within 6 months before the event but most often intended for diseases other than cardiac. No claims can be made as to the causality.
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| 4. |
- Witzgall, P., et al.
(författare)
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Potential of a blend of E8,E10-120H and E8,E10-12Ac for mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L (Lep, Tortricidae)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of applied entomology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 120:1-5, s. 611-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispensers of E8,E10-12OH (codlemone), E8,E10-12Ac (codlemone acetate), or both dispenser types were placed on the corners of 100 m(2) and 300 m(2) plots within apple orchards. Communication disruption of male codling moths, Cydia pomonella, was monitored with pheromone traps in the centres of these plots. In the 300 m(2) plots, trap catch was reduced only by codlemone. In the 100 m(2) plots, trap catch was reduced in all three treatments, fewest males were caught in plots treated with both codlemone and codlemone acetate. Males were attracted to codlemone dispensers, they were also flying actively around the tree crowns, well above the dispensers. This behaviour was not observed in treatments with codlemone acetate, where male orientation flights were directed only towards the trap in the plot centre. The antagonistic effect of each of the four geometric isomers of codlemone acetate was shown by another trap test. Addition of 20% E,E-; E,Z-; Z,E- or Z8,Z10-12Ac decreased male attraction to traps baited with E8, E10-12OH.
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| 5. |
- Guevara-Fiore, P., et al.
(författare)
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Sex as moderator of early life experiences: interaction between rearing environment and sexual experience in male guppies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 84:4, s. 1023-1029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of learning have been neglected in studies of sexual selection because previous researchers have assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that sexual behaviour is genetically fixed. To understand the role of learning in sexual selection, it is important to investigate how early experience interacts with adult experience to determine the use of different mating strategies. We explored this interaction by comparing the sexual behaviour of male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, raised in different social environments before and after they gained sexual experience. Males raised with other males performed long courtship displays at first, but decreased their courtship after they had gained sexual experience. However, for males raised only with females, sexual experience did not modify courtship duration. Males raised exclusively with females exhibited high rates of forced copulation attempts in their first encounter with a female, but reduced this behaviour after sexual experience. In contrast, males raised with other males did not modify their forced copulations. Adult sexual experience appeared to mitigate the behavioural differences caused by variation in rearing environment. Sexual experience helps males to find an optimal balance between courtship displays and forced copulation attempts. We also show that more males exhibited male–male aggression after sexual experience if they had social interactions with other males early in life. This study highlights that courtship and other sexual strategies are not fixed, and that several potential sources of variation exist in the development of an animal's sexual behaviour. Importantly, juvenile and adult experiences can interact to shape sexual behaviour in males.
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| 6. |
- Hagelbäck, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological Interaction and Empathic Cognition for Human-robot Cooperative Work (PsyIntEC)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Gearing Up and Accelerating Cross‐fertilization between Academic and Industrial Robotics Research in Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319038377 - 9783319038384 ; , s. 283-299
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the PsyIntEC project is to explore affective and cognitive modeling of humans in human-robot interaction (HRI) as a basis for behavioral adaptation. To achieve this we have explored human affective perception of relevant modalities in human-human and human-robot interaction on a collaborative problem-solving task using psychophysiological measurements. The experiments conducted have given us valuable insight into the communicational and affective queues interplaying in such interactions from the human perspective. The results indicate that there is an increase in both positive and negative emotions when interacting with robots compared to interacting with another human or solving the task alone, but detailed analysis on shorter time segments is required for the results from all sensors to be conclusive and significant.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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High zooplankton diversity in the extreme environments of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica
- 2012
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Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 1365-2079 .- 0954-1020. ; 24:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The McMurdo Dry Valley lakes of Antarctica constitute some of the harshest and most isolated freshwater environments on Earth which might be expected to limit the biogeographical expansion of many organisms. Despite this, we found that the biodiversity of rotifer zooplankton is the highest ever recorded on the Antarctic mainland. We identified in total nine rotifer taxa, of which six are new to the Antarctic continent, in Lake Hoare, and also the first sub- adult crustacean copepod belonging to the genus Boeckella. A possible explanation for the high biodiversity is that many of the recorded species have arrived in the region in relatively recent times and then established invasive populations, suggesting that their distribution pattern was previously limited only by biogeographical borders. Interestingly, we show that the cosmopolitan rotifer taxa identified are relatively abundant, suggesting that they have established viable populations. Hence, our study suggests that the biogeographical maps have to be redrawn for several species.
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| 8. |
- Lindell, Lina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Journey to the destination: a circular tourism economy : a training program for the hospitality industry to facilitate a transition towards increased circularity in the South Baltic Region
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being aware of the extent of the tourism industry and that it is ever growing, which is also encouraged in many individual countries by the national and regional governments, it is evident that the tourism industry is an essential target group for introducing circular concepts and implementing circular solutions. Yet, this sector has so far received little attention in the literature and initiatives on circularity.Circular Economy (CE) goes beyond “green” or “environmental”, it includes all aspects of a community and challenges us to create solutions that are completely different from what we are used to. It also invites us to open up and interact with other stakeholders and the general public.In your hands is the first training material in circular economy specifically developed for small to medium sized companies of the tourism industry in the South Baltic Region. It is a small but important step in the direction towards circularity and a wellbeing society. Through this work we have shown that despite cultural challenges and regional differences there is a shared, common interest in making tourism more sustainable and even to work together towards a transformation of the hospitality industry. This common vision has been stronger than the challenges we faced in making this work and this is what will ensure the continued growing awareness on circularity and its integration in different sectors in our communities. In this work we have featured some of the groundbreaking experts in this field, and some of the first good practices from our regions. They are all courageous pioneers in a field that with time will become the norm. In fact, in the 10th Annual Forum of the EU strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (12-13/6/2019, Gdansk, Poland), CE was highlighted as the pathway to reach prosperity and wellbeing in the Baltic Sea Region.
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| 9. |
- Perk, Joep, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving childrens’ lifestyle : the Cool School Project
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. - : Sage Publications. - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275. ; 16:Supplement 1, s. S30-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Steinz, Maarten M, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative hotspots on actin promote skeletal muscle weakness in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI). - 2379-3708 .- 2324-7703 .- 2325-4556. ; 4:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle weakness in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) adds to their impaired working abilities and reduced quality of life. However, little molecular insight is available on muscle weakness associated with RA. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis of RA. Here, we show that oxidative posttranslational modifications of the contractile machinery targeted to actin result in impaired actin polymerization and reduced force production. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the actin residues targeted by oxidative 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) or malondialdehyde (MDA) adduct modifications in weakened skeletal muscle from mice with arthritis and patients afflicted by RA. The residues were primarily located in 3 distinct regions positioned at matching surface areas of the skeletal muscle actin molecule from arthritic mice and patients with RA. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that these areas, here coined "hotspots," are important for the stability of the actin molecule and its capacity to generate filaments and interact with myosin. Together, these data demonstrate how oxidative modifications on actin promote muscle weakness in RA patients and may provide novel leads for targeted therapeutic treatment to improve muscle function.
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