| 1. |
- Svensson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of genetic and pheromonal diversity of the Cydia strobilella species complex (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3113 .- 0307-6970. ; 38:2, s. 305-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining pheromone trapping and genetic analyses can be useful whentrying to resolve complexes of closely related insect taxa that are difficult to distinguishbased on morphological characters. Nearctic and Palearctic populations of the spruceseed moth, Cydia strobilella L., have been considered taxonomically synonymoussince 1983, but more recent work revealing distinct sex pheromones for Canadianand Swedish moths suggest that populations in the two regions belong to differentspecies. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed field trapping using differentpheromone lures at ten sites in North America, Europe and Asia, and reconstructedphylogenetic relationships among trapped moths using mitochondrial (cytochromeoxidase subunit I ) and nuclear (elongation factor 1 alpha) DNA sequence data.Trapping data and tree topologies for both genes revealed distinct pherotypes in NorthAmerica and Eurasia. A genetically distinct population from China was investigatedfurther with respect to its sex pheromone. Electrophysiological data indicated thatChinese females produce a deviant ratio of the sex pheromone components (dienicacetates) compared to Swedish females. However, trapping experiments in both areasrevealed a similar broad response profile in males to a wide range of acetate ratios,and these populations should be considered taxonomically synonymous. A previoussuggestion of an agonistic effect on the attraction of C. strobilella males in Swedenwhen adding the corresponding alcohols to the binary acetate blend was also testedin Sweden as well as in China, with no observed effect on attraction of males. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the great potential of using pheromone trappingas a tool for identification and delimitation of taxa within cryptic species complexes.Based on our data, Nearctic and Palearctic populations of C. strobilella should beconsidered different species, and C. youngana Kearfott stat. rev. is resurrected hereas valid name for North American populations, which was the case before the revisionin 1983.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Glenn P., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of pheromone-based mating disruption of Cydia strobilella and Dioryctria abietella in spruce seed orchards
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 91, s. 639-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seed orchards function as the primary source of high-quality seeds for reforestation in many European countries, but their seed yields can be severely reduced due to seed- and cone-feeding insects. We evaluated various parameters of pheromone-based mating disruption for control of the moths Cydia strobilella and Dioryctria abietella, which are major pests in European Picea abies seed orchards. We applied different types of pheromone dispensers (rubber septa or wax droplets) at different densities and heights, and with different amounts of active components, covering whole orchards or part of an orchard. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by analysing male captures in pheromone-baited assessment traps, and presence of larvae in cones. A dramatic decrease (94–100%) in capture of males in traps occurred in all pheromone-treated plots compared to control plots for both moth species. In contrast, a subsequent reduction in larval numbers in cones was only achieved when wax droplets were used as the dispensing formulation at high density and at the highest pheromone dose tested, and only in half of the trials for each pest species. Electrophysiological recordings using antennae of male C. strobilella indicated elevated pheromone concentrations in a treated plot versus a control plot. Our results show that mating disruption has potential to reduce cone damage in spruce seed orchards caused by C. strobilella and D. abietella, but optimisation of the technique is required to achieve consistent and efficient population suppression of these pests.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Hong-Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 139:5, s. 352-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria Götze, an important cone-feeding pest in spruce seed orchards in Europe, was investigated. Chemical and electrophysiological analyses of pheromone gland extracts of female moths and analogous analyses of synthetic hydrocarbons and epoxides of chain length C19 and C21 revealed (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H) and 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxynonadecadiene (3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-19:H) as candidate pheromone components, which were found in a gland extract in a ratio of 95 : 5. In field trapping experiments, conspecific males were only attracted to a combination of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H and the (9S,10R)-enantiomer of 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-19:H. The (9R,10S)-enantiomer was not attractive, which is in agreement with studies on other Eupithecia species, for which males have only been attracted by the (9S,10R)-enantiomer of epoxides. Subsequent experiments showed that E. abietaria males were attracted to a wide range of ratios of the two active compounds and that trap catches increased with increasing dose of the binary blend. A two-component bait containing 300 μg 3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H and 33 μg of the (9S,10R)-enantiomer of 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-19:H was efficient for monitoring E. abietaria in spruce seed orchards in southern Sweden, where this species has probably been overlooked as an important pest in the past. With sex pheromones recently identified for two other moths that are major pests on spruce cones, the spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella L., and the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria abietella Denis & Schiffermüller, pheromone-based monitoring can now be achieved for the whole guild of cone-feeding moths in European spruce seed orchards.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Odour signals for detection and control of indoor pyralid moths
- 2009
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Ingår i: IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 41, s. 69-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three pyralid moths, the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) and the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), infest food products all over the world and cause severe problems in factories, shops and households. For health and environmentalreasons chemical control becomes more and more restricted. We here present some promising results offering efficient detection and control of these species based on semiochemicals, and line up a number of remaining questions to be answered in order to improve the reliability and competitiveness of the methods used. For P. interpunctella and E. cautella we found that more complex pheromone blends were superior to the commercially available one-component blend in attracting males, andshould be used if increased sensitivity is desired. The almond moth, males as well as females, can be trapped in buckets with tap water, which will give an estimate of the population level without use of pheromone traps. All three species show positive response to odours identified from chocolate, and this could possibly be developed further and used to determine relative population densities. For population suppression the pheromone-mediated mating disruption technique was employed inlocalities with infestations of all three species. Based on several indirect methods to estimate the population densities we conclude that this technique has a large potential for controlling all three mothspecies.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Antennal and behavioural responses of the spruce seedmoth, Cydia strobilella, to floral volatiles of Norwayspruce, Picea abies, and temporal variation in emissionof active compounds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 1570-7458 .- 0013-8703. ; 160:3, s. 209-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Grapholitini), one of the most damaging seed predators on Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Pinaceae), uses olfactory cues during host search. Analyses with coupled gas chromatography and electroantennography revealed that antennae of both sexes of moths responded consistently to three compounds in the headspace from female spruce flowers, i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, and myrcene, but not to limonene as has been previously reported for this species. The amounts of these active volatiles released from flowers and cones of P. abies were quantified, and their diurnal and seasonal variation was monitored. The total release of the active volatiles correlated well with the diurnal and seasonal flight activity of C. strobilella as revealed by catches of males in pheromone-baited traps. In field trapping experiments, where baits were loaded with proportions and enantiomeric ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, and myrcene matching those of the female P. abies floral headspace, substantial catches of male C. strobilella were achieved, whereas few females were captured. These surprising results suggest that male C. strobilella make use of host volatiles to aid them in their search for females.
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| 7. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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(3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene and (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate: sex pheromone of the spruce coneworm Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048. ; 135, s. 70-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spruce coneworm, Dioryctria abietella Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major pest in spruce seed orchards in Europe. Initial work on its pheromone ecology reported significant attraction of males to (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:OAc), but this compound appeared to be a very weak attractant in field trials. In this study, we show that a second female-produced compound, the polyunsaturated long-chain hydrocarbon (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene), is a strong synergist to 9Z,11E-14:OAc, and that both compounds are needed for significant attraction of males. In field-trapping experiments, the highest catches were obtained with high amounts of pentaene added to the acetate (acetate:pentaene ratio from 1 : 10 to 1 : 30) and the highest doses (1–3 mg per rubber septum dispenser) were the most attractive. Two potential behavioural synergists, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate, turned out to be behavioural antagonists and both reduced trap catch of D. abietella in a dose-dependent way when added individually to the binary blend. The recent discovery of the C25 pentaene as a pheromone component of D. abietella, as well as of three North American congeners, suggests that the use of a mixture of so-called type I and type II pheromone compounds is a widespread motif of sexual communication within the genus. The identification of a highly attractive sex pheromone will help in developing efficient strategies for monitoring and control of D. abietella populations in European spruce seed orchards.
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| 8. |
- Ryne, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of long-term mating disruption of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in indoor storage facilities by pheromone traps and monitoring of relative aerial concentrations of pheromones
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - 0022-0493. ; 100:3, s. 1017-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) of Ephestia kuehniella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated in two flour mills and a pet food distributor. Plastic sachets emitting 2–3 mg per d ( Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the major pheromone component of both moth species, were used as MD dispensers, which were applied in grid systems resulting in one dispenser per 100 m 3 of air volume. Pheromone traps with sticky inserts were used to monitor moth population fluctuations. To monitor pheromone levels in the air before, during, and after the treatment, electroantennographic (EAG) measurements were performed using a portable device. All localities showed decreased trap catches after application of MD. In two localities with low initial population densities, trap catches were reduced immediately after application of MD and remained very low, even several months after the MD treatment was terminated. In contrast, in a locality with a higher initial population density the reduction in trap catches was slower, and trap catches increased again soon after the termination of the MD treatment. Electrophysiological data showed not only increased aerial levels of pheromone during the treatment period but also levels that were higher than during pretreatment, even 12 mo after removal of MD dispensers. The localities had good ventilation, and the memory effect observed indicates that the pheromone adhered to surfaces that subsequently functioned as secondary dispensers. Customer complaints registered by one of the mills were 49% less in 2004, after 2 yr of MD compared with 2002, the year before the treatments began.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Identification, Synthesis, and Behavioral Activity of 5,11-Dimethylpentacosane, A Novel Sex Pheromone Component of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria Mellonella (L.)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 40:4, s. 387-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), is a serious and widespread pest of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. In contrast to most moths, for which long-range mate finding is mediated by female-produced sex pheromones, G. mellonella males attract conspecific females over long distances by emitting large amounts of a characteristic scent in combination with bursts of ultrasonic calls. The male scent for this species was previously identified as a blend of nonanal and undecanal. When these compounds were bioassayed, characteristic short-range sexual behavior, including wing fanning, was triggered in conspecific females, but the aldehyde blend failed to elicit attraction over longer distances. We identified, via analysis and synthesis, a third male-specific compound, 5,11-dimethylpentacosane. We show that it acts as a behavioral synergist to the aldehydes. In wind tunnel experiments, very few female moths responded to the aldehyde blend or to 5,11-dimethylpentacosane tested separately, but consistently showed orientation and source contact when a combination of all three compounds was applied. The level of attraction to the three-component mixture was still lower than that to male extract, indicating that the composition of compounds in the synthetic blend is suboptimal, or that additional pheromone components of G. mellonella are yet to be identified. The identification of 5,11-dimethylpentacosane is an important step for the development of an efficient long-range attractant that will be integrated with other environmentally safe strategies to reduce damage to beehives caused by wax moths. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Glenn P., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate as sex pheromone components of the currant pest Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - 0931-2048. ; 147:5, s. 313-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The currant bud moth Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus is a destructive pest in black currant orchards in Northern Sweden and Finland. The larvae feed on the buds, and at high densities, the species can cause severe yield losses. Sex pheromone components of the bud moth were identified via solvent extraction of excised female pheromone glands, analyses by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and field trapping experiments. Antennae of males responded strongly and consistently to two compounds in extracts, identified as (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Weaker and less consistent responses were observed to the corresponding alcohols, (E)-11-tetradecenol and (Z)-11-tetradecenol, and tetradecyl acetate. Field tests showed strong attraction of bud moth males to a 1:1 blend of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Adding the alcohols to the binary acetate blend reduced trap catches drastically, whereas tetradecyl acetate had no statistically significant impact on male attraction when added to that binary blend. Finally, testing different compositions of the binary acetate blend revealed highest catch in traps baited with a 25:75 or 50:50 ratio of the E:Z acetate isomers. The identification of sex pheromone components of the bud moth contributes to developing sustainable control of this pest via monitoring and mating disruption with sex pheromone.
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