| 1. |
- Ahlenius, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Chinese and Westerners Respond Differently to the Trolley Dilemmas
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognition and Culture. - : Brill. - 1567-7095 .- 1568-5373. ; 12:3-4, s. 195-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of moral problems known as The Trolley Dilemmas was presented to 3000 randomly selected inhabitants of the USA, Russia and China. It is shown that Chinese are significantly less prone to support utility-maximizing alternatives, as compared to the US and Russian respondents.A number of possible explanations, as well as methodological issues pertaining to the field of surveying moral judgment and moral disagreement, are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Arrhenius, Gustaf, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The Repugnant Conclusion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. - 1095-5054.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Derek Parfit’s original formulation the Repugnant Conclusion is stated as follows: “For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better even though its members have lives that are barely worth living” (Parfit 1984). The Repugnant Conclusion highlights a problem in an area of ethics which has become known as population ethics. The last three decades have witnessed an increasing philosophical interest in questions such as “Is it possible to make the world a better place by creating additional happy people?” and “Is there a moral obligation to have children?” The main problem has been to find an adequate theory about the moral value of states of affairs where the number of people, the quality of their lives (or their life-time welfare or well-being - we shall use these terms interchangeably here), and their identities may vary. Since, arguably, any reasonable moral theory has to take these aspects of possible states of affairs into account when determining the normative status of actions, the study of population ethics is of general import for moral theory. As the name indicates, Parfit finds the Repugnant Conclusion unacceptable and many philosophers agree. However, it has been surprisingly difficult to find a theory that avoids the Repugnant Conclusion without implying other equally counterintuitive conclusions. Thus, the question as to how the Repugnant Conclusion should be dealt with and, more generally, what it shows about the nature of ethics has turned the conclusion into one of the cardinal challenges of modern ethics.
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| 3. |
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Den svårfångade relativismen: en uppslagsbok
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Finns det absoluta sanningar? Många svarar nej. Sanning är alltid relativ till något annat, säger man – en individ, en kultur, ett paradigm eller något annat. Och relativism handlar inte bara om sanning, liknande uppfattningar finns beträffande kunskap, rationalitet, moral. Men även om relativistiska åsikter är vanliga så är frågor om relativism mycket omstridda. De flesta filosofer genom tiderna har förnekat att radikala former av relativism är hållbara, och hävdat att relativismen är motsägelsefull eller självupphävande. Andra menar att detta inte alls stämmer. Ibland ses relativismen som en radikal utmaning mot den rådande ordningen, ibland ses den som ett lättköpt försvar för vilket traditionellt förtruck som helst. Diskussionen om relativism rymmer många djupa och intrikata frågor kring sanning, kunskap och moral, men även en hel del förvirring och missförstånd. Den svårfångade relativismen har formen av en uppslagsbok men kan också läsas rakt igenom. I 54 korta artiklar, och en längre inledande översikt, presenterar 18 svenska filosofer nyckelbegrepp och nyckelpersoner i relativismdebatten. Artiklarna kräver inga särskilda förkunskaper, men väjer inte heller för komplicerade resonemang.
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| 4. |
- Juth, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Honour-related threats and human rights : A qualitative study of Swedish healthcare providers’ attitudes towards young women requesting a virginity certificate or hymen reconstruction
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 18:6, s. 451-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the preferred actions of healthcare staff, as well as their reasoning and attitudes about young females’ requests for a virginity certificate or hymen restoration.Method A qualitative study, consisting of semi-structured interviews of healthcare providers from different parts of Sweden and from different medical specialties and professions, who had experience of women who asked for a virginity certificate or a hymen repair.Results Using content analysis, ten themes emerged regarding healthcare personnel's attitudes and reasoning about young female patients and their requests for demonstration of virginity. The themes logically were categorised as values, beliefs, and cultural affiliation.Conclusions Responders had a more pragmatic and permissive view than the restrictive, official Swedish policy opposing hymenoplasties within the public healthcare system. There were degrees of willingness to accommodate such requests, due, for example, to different moral beliefs and medical concerns. Responders expressed frustration over the difficulty of following up patients, a situation likely due to the restrictive policy. The patient-centred approach adopted by a Dutch team of health professionals would probably better enable quality assurance.
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| 8. |
- Tännsjö, Torbjörn, 1946-
(författare)
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A realist and internalist response to one of Mackie’s arguments from queerness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Philosophical Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-8116 .- 1573-0883. ; 172:2, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If there is such a thing as objectively existing prescriptivity, as the moral realist claims, then we can also explain why — and we need not deny that — strong (conceptual) internalism is true. Strong conceptual internalism is true, not because of any belief in any magnetic force thought to be inherent in moral properties themselves, as Mackie argued, but because we do not allow that anyone has (in the practical sense) ‘accepted’ a normative claim, unless she is prepared to some extent to act on it (to see to it that it is satisfied).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tännsjö, Torbjörn, 1946-
(författare)
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Applied Ethics : A Defence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1386-2820 .- 1572-8447. ; 14:4, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given a reasonable coherentist view of justification in ethics, applied ethics, as here conceived of, can not only guide us, in our practical decisions, but also provide moral understanding through explanation of our moral obligations. Furthermore, applied ethics can contribute to the growth of knowledge in ethics as such. We put moral hypotheses to crucial test in individual cases. This claim is defended against the challenges from moral intuitionism and particularism.
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