| 1. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 2. |
- Dodoo, Ambrose, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Final energy savings and cost-effectiveness of deep energy renovation of a multi-storey residential building
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Pergamon Press. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 135, s. 563-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we present a method for analysis of cost-effectiveness of end-use energy efficiency measures and demonstrate its application for modelling a wide range of energy renovation measures for a typical 1970s multi-family building in Sweden. The method integrates energy balance and bottom-up economic calculations considering total and marginal investment costs of energy efficiency measures as well as net present value of total and marginal savings of the measures. The energy renovation measures explored include additional insulation to basement walls, exterior walls, and attic floor, improved new windows, efficient electric appliances and lighting, efficient water taps, glazed enclosed balcony systems, and exhaust air ventilation heat recovery systems. The measures are analysed first individually and then designed to form economic packages. Our results show that improved windows give the biggest single final energy savings while resource-efficient taps is the most cost-effective measure for the building. We find that the cost-effectiveness of the energy renovation measures is sensitive to real discount rates and energy price increases. Cost-optimal final heat savings varies between 34% and 51%, depending on the choice of real discount rate and energy price increase. The corresponding electricity savings varies between 35% and 43%. This study shows a method and the significance of various technical and economic-related parameters in achieving deep energy savings cost-efficiently.
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| 3. |
- Dodoo, Ambrose, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of simulation assumptions and input parameters on energy balance calculations of residential buildings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 120:1, s. 718-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we modelled the influence of different simulation assumptions on energy balances of two variants of a residential building, comprising the building in its existing state and with energy-efficient improvements. We explored how selected parameter combinations and variations affect the energy balances of the building configurations. The selected parameters encompass outdoor microclimate, building thermal envelope and household electrical equipment including technical installations. Our modelling takes into account hourly as well as seasonal profiles of different internal heat gains. The results suggest that the impact of parameter interactions on calculated space heating of buildings is somewhat small and relatively more noticeable for an energy-efficient building in contrast to a conventional building. We find that the influence of parameters combinations is more apparent as more individual parameters are varied. The simulations show that a building's calculated space heating demand is significantly influenced by how heat gains from electrical equipment are modelled. For the analyzed building versions, calculated final energy for space heating differs by 9-14 kWh/m(2) depending on the assumed energy efficiency level for electrical equipment. The influence of electrical equipment on calculated final space heating is proportionally more significant for an energy-efficient building compared to a conventional building. This study shows the influence of different simulation assumptions and parameter combinations when varied simultaneously. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Dodoo, Ambrose, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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On input parameters, methods and assumptions for energy balance and retrofit analyses for residential buildings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 137, s. 76-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we explore key parameter values, methods and assumptions used for energy balance modelling of residential buildings in the Swedish context and analyse their effects on calculated energy balance of a typical multi-storey building from 1970s and on energy savings of energy efficiency retrofit measures. The parameters studied are related to microclimate, building envelope, occupancy behaviour, ventilation, and heat gains from electric appliances and persons. Our study shows that assumed indoor air temperature, internal heat gains and efficiency of ventilation heat recovery units have significant effect on the simulated energy performance of the studied building and energy efficiency measures. Of the considered microclimate parameter values and assumptions, the outdoor temperature, ground solar reflection and window shading have significant impact on the simulated space heating and cooling demands. On the contrary, the simulated energy performances are less affected by the variations in air pressure outside and the percentage of wind load that hits the building. We found that input data and assumptions used for energy balance calculations and energy saving analyses vary significantly in the Swedish context. These result in significantly different calculated final energy performance of buildings and energy efficiency measures. To inform accurate analysis of energy performance of building and energy saving measures, input parameters used in simulation models need to be appropriate.
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| 5. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of forestry and substitution of concrete buildings and fossil energy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 136, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests can help mitigate climate change in different ways, such as by storing carbon in forest ecosystems, and by producing a renewable supply of material and energy products. We analyse the climate implications of different scenarios for forestry, bioenergy and wood construction. We consider three main forestry scenarios for Kronoberg County in Sweden, over a 201-year period. The Business-as-usual scenario mirrors today’s forestry while in the Production scenario the forest productivity is increased by 40% through more intensive forestry. In the Set-aside scenario 50% of forest land is set-aside for conservation. The Production scenario results in less net carbondioxide emissions and cumulative radiative forcing compared to the other scenarios, after an initial period of 30–35 years during which the Set-aside scenario has less emissions. In the end of the analysed period, the Production scenario yields strong emission reductions, about ten times greater than the initial reduction in the Set-aside scenario. Also, the Set-aside scenario has higher emissions than Business-as-usual after about 80 years. Increasing the harvest level of slash and stumps results in climate benefits, due to replacement of more fossil fuel. Greatest emission reduction is achieved when biomass replaces coal, and when modular timber buildings are used. In the long run, active forestry with high harvest and efficient utilisation of biomass for replacement of carbon-intensive non-wood products and fuels provides significant climate mitigation, in contrast to setting aside forest land to store more carbon in the forest and reduce the harvest of biomass.
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| 6. |
- Piccardo, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Retrofitting with different building materials : life-cycle primary energy implications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 192, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy retrofitting of existing buildings reduces the energy use in the operation phase but the use ofadditional materials influence the energy use in other life cycle phases of retrofitted buildings. In thisstudy, we analyse the life cycle primary energy implications of different material alternatives whenretrofitting an existing building to meet high energy performance levels. We design retrofitting optionsassuming the highest and lowest value offinal energy use, respectively, for passive house standardsapplicable in Sweden. The retrofitting options include the thermal improvement of the building enve-lope. We calculate the primary energy use in the operation phase (operation primary energy), as well asin production, maintenance and end-of-life phases (non-operation primary energy). Our results showthat the non-operation primary energy use can vary significantly depending on the choice of materialsfor thermal insulation, cladding systems and windows. Although the operation energy use decreases by63e78%, wefind that the non-operation energy for building retrofitting accounts for up to 21% of theoperation energy saving, depending on the passive house performance level and the material alternative.A careful selection of building materials can reduce the non-operation primary energy by up to 40%,especially when using wood-based materials
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| 7. |
- Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Design strategies and measures to minimise operation energy use for passive houses under different climate scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 12:1, s. 299-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, the implications of different design strategies and measures in minimising the heating and cooling demands of a multi-storey residential building, designed to the passive house criteria in Southern Sweden are analysed under different climate change scenarios. The analyses are conducted for recent (1996-2005) and future climate periods of 2050-2059 and 2090-2099 based on the Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios, downscaled to conditions in Southern Sweden. The considered design strategies and measures encompass efficient household equipment and technical installations, bypass of ventilation heat recovery unit, solar shading of windows, window size and properties, building orientation and mechanical cooling. Results show that space heating demand reduces, while cooling demand as well as risk of overheating increases under future climate scenarios. The most important design strategies and measures are efficient household equipment and technical installations, solar shading, bypass of ventilation heat recovery unit and window U-values and g-values. Total annual final energy demand decreased by 40-51%, and overheating is avoided or significantly reduced under the considered climate scenarios when all the strategies are implemented. Overall, the total annual primary energy use for operation decreased by 42-54%. This study emphasises the importance of considering different design strategies and measures in minimising the operation energy use and potential risks of overheating in low-energy residential buildings under future climates.
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| 8. |
- Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different frame materials on the primary energy use of a multi storey residential building in a life cycle perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 185, s. 259-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary energy implications over the life cycle of a multi storey residential building with different building systems are explored here. The main structural materials of the buildings include precast concrete, cross laminated timber (CLT) and prefabricated timber modules (modular). The analysis covers energy and material flows from different life cycle phases of the building versions, designed to meet the energy performance of the Swedish building code (BBR) and passive house criteria. The CLT and modular buildings were found to result in lower production primary energy use and higher biomass residues compared to the concrete alternative. The heating value of the recoverable biomass residues from the production phase of the CLT building is significantly larger than the primary energy required for its production. Primary energy use for production and construction constitutes 20-30% and 36-47% of the total primary energy use for production, construction, space heating, ventilation and demolition for the BBR and passive buildings, respectively. Space heating with combined heat and power (CHP) and ventilation electricity for the BBR and passive building versions form 70-79% and 52-63%, respectively, of the total primary energy use for production, construction, space heating, ventilation and demolition for a lifespan of 80 years. The CLT and modular buildings give 20-37% and 9-17% lower total life cycle primary energy use, respectively, than the concrete alternative when space heating is from CHP. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of different insulation materials on primary energy and CO2 emission of a multi-storey residential building
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 82, s. 369-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we analyzed the implications of various insulation materials on the primary energy and CO2emission for material production of a residential building. We modeled changes to the original design ofthe building to achieve reference buildings to energy-efficiency levels of the Swedish building code of2012 or the Swedish Passivhus 2012 criteria. We varied the insulation materials in different parts of thereference buildings from mineral rock wool to glass wool, cellulose fiber, expanded polystyrene or foamglass. We compared the primary energy use and CO2emission from material production of functionallyequivalent reference and optimum versions of the building. The results showed a reduction of about 6–7%in primary energy use and 6–8% in CO2emission when the insulation material in the reference buildingsis changed from rock wool to cellulose fiber in the optimum versions. Also, the total fossil fuel use for onlyinsulation material production was reduced by about 39%. This study suggests that enhancing materialproduction technologies by reducing fossil fuel-use and increasing renewable energy sources, as wellas careful material choice with renewable-based raw materials can contribute significantly in reducingprimary energy use and GHG emission in the building sector.
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| 10. |
- Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy savings and overheating risk of deep energy renovation of a multi-storey residential building in a cold climate under climate change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 202, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we analyse final and primary energy savings and overheating risk of deep energy renovation of a Swedish multi-storey residential building of the 1970s under climate change and consider overheating control measures to reduce cooling demand and risk of overheating. The energy-efficiency measures include additional insulation to basement walls, exterior walls, and attic floor as well as improved energy-efficient windows and doors, balanced ventilation with heat recovery (VHR), lighting, household appliances as well as water taps and shower heads. The future climates are based on the representative concentration pathways scenarios. We find that implementing improved energy-efficient windows and doors, VHR and additional insulation to external walls give significant final and primary energy savings for space heating. The total operation final and primary energy use decrease averagely by 58% and 54%, respectively when all the measures are cumulatively applied under both current and future climate scenarios. Efficient household appliances and lighting as well as appropriate overheating control measures significantly reduce cooling demand and risk of overheating. The indoor air temperature and overheating risk as well as the final energy savings are influenced by the considered climate scenarios. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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