| 1. |
- Albrektsen, G., et al.
(författare)
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Data on gender contrasts in the risk of incident myocardial infarction by age. The Tromso Study 1979-2012
- 2017
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 13, s. 779-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data presented in this article relate to the research article entitled "Risk of incident myocardial infarction by gender: Interactions with serum lipids, blood pressure and smoking. The Tromso Study 1979-2012" (Albrektsen et al., 2017) [1]. Data quantify the gender differences in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in terms of incidence rate ratios (IRR), in subgroups defined by serum lipids, blood pressure and smoking among persons aged 35-54 years, 55-74 years and 75-94 years, respectively. Data also describe the age- and gender-specific linear associations with the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. IRRs for combined categories of age, gender and a CHD risk factor, with each category compared to the same reference group, are also shown. IRRs were calculated as estimates of relative risk in Poisson regression analyses of person-years at risk. Among 33,859 individuals at risk, a total of 622,1308 and 816 were diagnosed with Ml at ages 35-54, 55-74 and 75-94 years, respectively. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 2. |
- Albrektsen, G., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of incident myocardial infarction by gender: Interactions with serum lipids, blood pressure and smoking. The Tromso Study 1979-2012
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 261, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Overall, men have roughly twice the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) compared to women, but what causes this contrast is unclear. Identification of subgroups where the gender contrast in risk is particularly low or high, may provide new insight. In the search for such subgroups, we focus on gender-specific effects of established coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Heterogeneity across age groups is also explored. Methods: Population-based prospective study from Tromso, Norway, comprising 33,859 individuals (51% women); 2746 individuals (854 women) received a diagnosis of MI during follow-up at ages 35-94 years. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated as estimates of relative risk in Poisson regression analyses. Results: The association between total cholesterol and risk of MI was stronger for men than women, and IRR for men vs. women accordingly increased with increasing cholesterol, but the risk was higher for men in all subgroups (IRR in range 1.63-3.27), except among older people with low cholesterol levels. The adverse effect of increasing blood pressure (BP) was stronger for women, and IRR for gender diminished with increasing systolic (from 3.90 to 1.38) and diastolic BP (from 2.87 to 1.54). The gender contrast in risk was also substantially reduced in smokers >= 75 years. Associations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) did not differ between genders. Conclusions: Gender heterogeneity in associations with total cholesterol but not HDL-C indicates gender differences in associations with non-HDL-C. The stronger association with BP in women may relate to more severe hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Johansen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke among older men exposed to prolonged endurance sport practice: a 10-year follow-up. The Birkebeiner Ageing Study and the Tromso Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Open Heart. - : BMJ. - 2053-3624. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsEndurance sport practice is associated with a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases the risk of stroke in the general population. However, stroke risk in endurance athletes with AF is sparsely investigated. Most studies have been limited by design and are largely restricted to younger and middle-aged populations. Thus, we aimed to investigate AF and stroke risk in older athletes exposed to prolonged endurance training.MethodDuring a 10-year period, 505 male athletes aged >= 65 years frequently participating in a long-distance ski race were compared with 1867 men of the same age from the general population. The main exposure was endurance sport practice with self-reported AF and stroke as outcomes. Stroke risk was further examined by joint modelling of AF and endurance practice. Statistical analysis was conducted with a modified Poisson model.ResultsAthletes (median age: 68, range: 65-90) participated in a long-distance ski race over a median of 14 years (range: 1-53). Prevalence (28.5% vs 17.8%) and adjusted risk of AF (risk ratio (RR): 1.88, 95% CI: 1.49 to 2.37) were higher in athletes compared with non-athletes, whereas the prevalence (5.4% vs 9.7%) and risk of stroke were lower (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95). Compared with athletes without AF, risk of stroke was twofold in athletes (RR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.24) and nearly fourfold in non-athletes (RR: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.98 to 7.57) with AF.ConclusionAlthough older male endurance athletes experienced an increased risk of AF, the long-term risk of stroke was substantially reduced compared with non-athletes.
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| 4. |
- Johansen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year mortality among older male recreational endurance athletes in the Birkebeiner Aging Study in comparison with older men from the Tromso Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - 0905-7188. ; 33:8, s. 1541-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced mortality. However, whether there is an added benefit of long-term endurance training is unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine 10-year mortality in older male endurance athletes compared with an older male general population.Method Male athletes (n = 503) participating in an annual long-distance ski race (median years of participation: 14, range: 1-53) from the Norwegian Birkebeiner Aging study (BiAS), and non-athletic men (n = 1867) attending the sixth Tromso Study (Tromso6) aged = 65 years were included. Associations with endurance sport practice and joint exposures of endurance sport practice and self-reported leisure-time PA with all-cause mortality were examined. We analyzed the data with Cox proportional hazard models and regression standardization.Results After 10 years (median: 10.4, range: 0.5-11.1) the mortality rate was lower in athletes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.49) compared with non-athletes, corresponding to a 15% (95% CI: 12-19%) absolute risk reduction associated with endurance sport practice. In joint analyses categorized according to PA and endurance sport practice, we observed an inverse dose-response relationship with mortality (p < 0.001). Compared to inactive non-athletes, PA was associated with lower mortality in both active non-athletes and athletes. However, the observed benefit among participants reporting moderate-to-vigorous PA was larger in athletes (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.32) than non-athletes (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.59) (p < 0.01).Conclusion Endurance sport practice was associated with reduced 10-year mortality, beyond the effect of PA in older men. This study suggests that long-term endurance sport practice maintained into older adulthood promotes longevity.
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| 5. |
- Morseth, B., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, resting heart rate, and atrial fibrillation: the Tromso Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 37:29, s. 2307-2313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The objective was to examine the association of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) with hospital-diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) in a Norwegian cohort. Methods and results This prospective study included 20 484 adults (50.3% men) who participated in the third Tromso Study survey in 1986-87. At baseline, physical activity was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and RHR was objectively measured. Participants were followed from baseline through 2010 with respect to incident cases of hospital-diagnosed AF documented on an electrocardiogram. During a mean follow-up period of 20 years (409 045 person-years), 750 participants (70.5% men) were diagnosed with AF. Compared with the low physical activity group, moderately active individuals had a 19% lower risk of any AF [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.97], whereas highly active had similar risk of AF. Vigorously active individuals showed a non-significantly higher risk of AF (adjusted HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.77-2.43). Risk of AF increased with decreasing RHR (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98 for each 10 b.p.m. increase in RHR), and RHR, 50 b.p.m. was a risk factor for AF (P < 0.05). Conclusion In this prospective cohort study, leisure time physical activity was associated with AF in a J-shaped pattern. Moderate physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of AF, whereas higher activity levels attenuated the benefits of moderate activity. Low RHR was a risk factor for AF. Our results support the hypothesis that moderate and vigorous physical activity may affect AF risk via different pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Morseth, B., et al.
(författare)
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The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 25:6, s. 624-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although commonly associated with cardiovascular disease or other medical conditions, atrial fibrillation may also occur in individuals without any known underlying conditions. This manifestation of atrial fibrillation has been linked to extensive and long-term exercise, as prolonged endurance exercise has shown to increase prevalence and risk of atrial fibrillation. In contrast, more modest physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation, and current research indicates a J-shaped association between atrial fibrillation and the broad range of physical activity and exercise. This has led to the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying an increased risk of atrial fibrillation with intensive exercise are different from those underlying a reduced risk with moderate physical activity, possibly linked to distinctive characteristics of the population under study. High volumes of exercise over many years performed by lean, healthy endurance trained athletes may lead to cardiac (patho)physiological alterations involving the autonomic nervous system and remodelling of the heart. The mechanisms underlying a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation with light and moderate physical activity may involve a distinctive pathway, as physical activity can potentially reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation through favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 7. |
- Myrstad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of atrial fibrillation among elderly Norwegian men with a history of long- term endurance sport practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The prevalence increases with increasing age. In middle-aged men, endurance sport practice is associated with increased risk of AF but there are few studies among elderly people. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of long-term endurance sport practice as a risk factor for AF in elderly men. A cross-sectional study compared 509 men aged 65-90 years who participated in a long-distance cross-country ski race with 1768 men aged 65-87 years from the general population. Long-term endurance sport practice was the main exposure. Self-reported AF and covariates were assessed by questionnaires. Risk differences (RDs) for AF were estimated by using a linear regression model. After multivariable adjustment, a history of endurance sport practice gave an added risk for AF of 6.0 percent points (pp) (95% confidence interval 0.8-11.1). Light and moderate leisure-time physical activity during the last 12 months reduced the risk with 3.7 and 4.3 pp, respectively, but the RDs were not statistically significant. This study suggests that elderly men with a history of long-term endurance sport practice have an increased risk of AF compared with elderly men in the general population.
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| 8. |
- Svatun, A. L., et al.
(författare)
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Association between espresso coffee and serum total cholesterol: the Tromso Study 2015-2016
- 2022
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Ingår i: Open Heart. - : BMJ. - 2053-3624. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Coffee raises serum cholesterol because of its diterpenes, cafestol and kahweol, and the effect varies by brewing method. Population-based research on espresso coffee's impact on serum cholesterol is scarce. Our aim was to examine how various brewing methods, in particular espresso, were associated with serum total cholesterol (S-TC). Methods We used cross-sectional population data from the seventh survey of the Tromso Study in Northern Norway (N=21 083, age >= 40 years). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between S-TC as the dependent variable and each level of coffee consumption using 0 cups as the reference level, adjusting for relevant covariates and testing for sex differences. Results Consumption of 3-5 cups of espresso daily was significantly associated with increased S-TC (0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17 for women and 0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.24 for men), compared with participants drinking 0 cups of espresso per day. Consumption of >= 6 cups of boiled/plunger coffee daily was also associated with increased S-TC (0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48 for women and 0.23 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.38 for men), compared with participants drinking 0 cups of boiled/plunger coffee. Consumption of cups of filtered coffee daily was associated with 0.11 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03 to 0.19) higher S-TC levels for women but not for men. Instant coffee consumption had a significant linear trend but showed no dose-response relationship when excluding participants not drinking instant coffee. There were significant sex differences for all coffee types except boiled/plunger coffee. Conclusion Espresso coffee consumption was associated with increased S-TC with significantly stronger association for men compared with women. Boiled/plunger coffee was associated with increased S-TC in both sexes and with similar magnitude as shown in previous research. Filtered coffee was associated with a small increase in S-TC in women. Further research on espresso and S-TC is warranted.
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