| 1. |
- Ynnerman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive visualization of 3D scanned mummies at public venues
- 2016
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - : Association for Computing Machinery. - 0001-0782 .- 1557-7317. ; 59:12, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BY COMBINING VISUALIZATION techniques with interactive multi-touch tables and intuitive user interfaces, visitors to museums and science centers can conduct self-guided tours of large volumetric image data. In an interactive learning experience, visitors become the explorers of otherwise invisible interiors of unique artifacts and subjects. Here, we take as our starting point the state of the art in scanning technologies, then discuss the latest research on high-quality interactive volume rendering and how it can be tailored to meet the speci?c demands.
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| 2. |
- Bour, Agathe, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of circular textile policies for the future regulation of hazardous substances in textiles in the European Union
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The textile industry's business model is currently unsustainable and systemic changes must be made. The transition to a circular textile economy can be a major lever for this. However, it faces multiple issues, including the (in)ability of current legislations to provide sufficient protection regarding hazardous chemicals in recirculating materials. It is therefore crucial to identify legislative gaps that prevent the implementation of a safe circular textile economy, and to identify which chemicals could jeopardize this process. With this study, we aim to identify hazardous substances that could be found in recirculated textiles, to identify and discuss gaps in current regulations covering chemicals in textiles, and to suggest solutions to ensure better safety of circular textiles. We compile and analyze data on 715 chemicals and their associated functions, textile production stage, and hazard data. We also present how chemicals have been regulated over time and discuss regulations' strengths and weaknesses in the perspective of circular economy. We finally discuss the recently proposed Ecodesign regulation, and which key point should be included in the future delegated acts. We found that most of the compiled chemicals present at least one recognized or suspected hazard. Among them, there were 228 CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic substances), 25 endocrine disruptors, 322 skin allergens or sensitizers, and 51 respiratory allergens or sensitizers. 30 chemicals completely or partially lack hazard data. 41 chemicals were found to present a risk for consumers, among which 15 recognized or suspected CMR and 36 recognized or suspected allergens/sensitizers. Following the analysis of regulations, we argue that an improved risk assessment of chemicals should consider chemicals specific hazardous properties and product's multiple life cycles, instead of being limited to the product's end-of-life stage. We especially argue that implementing a safe circular textile economy requires that chemicals of concern are eliminated from the market.
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| 3. |
- Chinga-Carrasco, Gary, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocellulose from wood as a biomaterial for biomedical applications
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades major efforts have been made to produce nanocellulose from wood, where the cellulose fibres are disintegrated into individualized nanofibrils with diameters < 20 nm and lengths in the micrometre scale. Production procedures include various pre-treatments, which yield nanocelluloses with varying chemical and structural properties. One important area of research is nanocellulose as a biomaterial with potential applications within the health sector. As an example, the superior mechanical properties, good moisture retention capability and the ability to form elastic macro-porous structures are advantageous properties for utilizing nanocellulose substrates for wound dressings. However, the utilization of nanocellulose as a substrate for wound dressings requires a thorough assessment of the biocompatibility of the material. In this respect, it has been demonstrated in-vitro that nanocellulose does not exert acute toxic phenomena on fibroblast cells. However, in addition to in-vitro cytotoxicity testing, in-vivo testing of nanocellulose and the ability of nanocellulose to resist bacterial colonization need a closer attention. This presentation will give an overview of the current research on nanocellulose as a biomaterial for wound dressing applications, considering the morphology of nanocellulose structures, mechanical properties, moisture absorption, cytotoxicity tests and nanocellulose-bacteria interactions.
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| 4. |
- Chinga-Carrasco, Gary, et al.
(författare)
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Wood nanocellulose : Characterization and potential application as barrier against wound bacteria
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood nanocellulose is a novel biomaterial for wound dressing applications. Wood nanocellulose was produced from never-dried P. radiata pulp fibres. The applied pre-treatment was 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation. To characterise bacterial growth, P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms were grown in Mueller Hinton broth on air-dried films. Various microscopy techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), were applied to characterise the nanocellulose material and the bacterial-nanocellulose interactions. Multiscale assessments, including FESEM and AFM, revealed the effective fibrillation of the fibre wall structure, yielding nanofibrils with diameters less than 20 nm and lengths in the micrometre-scale. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the growth of PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of the nanocellulose suspensions when compared to the control. Additionally, SEM imaging revealed distinct clusters of PAO1 cells growing on the surfaces of nanocellulose films. This work highlights the potential usefulness of novel nanocellulose materials in wound dressings with optimized characteristics.
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| 5. |
- Gillgren, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Plasticization of zein : A thermomechanical, FTIR, and dielectric study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:5, s. 1135-1139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zein, the main seed storage protein of maize, has been widely studied as a possible source of material for the production of biodegradable plastic films. Plasticization of zein is critical to make functional films. While there have been a number of publications which report the behavior of systems with a wide variety of plasticizers, there have been few which attempt to examine the interactions of protein and plasticizer at the molecular level. In this paper, we report on the plasticizing effects of water, glycerol, and 2-mercaptoethanol, which were examined by a combination of spectroscopy (FTIR and dielectric) and thermomechanical methods. The results suggest that both water and glycerol are adsorbed onto the protein and form hydrogen bonds with the amide groups. The plasticizer then builds up in patches on the protein surface. 2-Mercaptoethanol only exhibited a weak plasticizing effect due probably to disulfide bond breaking. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
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| 6. |
- Hallmans, D., et al.
(författare)
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Design considerations introducing analytics as a 'dual use' in complex industrial embedded systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728129891
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded systems are today often self-sufficient with limited and predefined communication. However, this traditional view of embedded systems is changing through advancements in technologies such as, communication, cloud technologies, and advanced analytics including machine learning. These advancements have increased the benefits of building Systems of Systems (SoS) that can provide a functionality with unique capabilities that none of the included subsystems can accomplish separately. By this gain of functionality the embedded system is evolving towards a 'dual use' purpose11In this paper we define dual usage as a control system having two purposes. In other contexts such as politics, diplomacy and export control, the term 'dual-use' refers to technology that can be used for both peaceful and military aims, e.g., nuclear power technology., The use is dual in the sense that the system still needs to handle its original task, e.g., control and protect of an asset, and it must provide information for creating the SoS. Larger installations, e.g., industry plants, power systems and generation, have in most cases a long expected life-cycle, some up to 30-40 years without significant updates, compared to analytical functions that evolve and change much faster, i.e., requiring new types of data sets from the subsystems, not know at its first deployment. This difference in development cycles calls for new solutions supporting updates related to new requirements inherent in analytical functions. In this paper, within the context of 'dual usage' of systems and subsystems, we analyze the impact on an embedded system, new or legacy, when it is required to provide analytic data with high quality. We compare a reference system, implementing all functions in one CPU core, to three other alternative solutions: a) a multi-core system where we are using a separate core for analytics, b) using a separate analytics CPU and c) analytics functionality located in a separate subsystem. Our conclusion is that the choice of analytics information collection method should to be based on intended usage, along with resulting complexity and cost of updates compared to hardware cost.
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| 7. |
- Hilchenbach, M., et al.
(författare)
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COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO : CLOSE-UP on DUST PARTICLE FRAGMENTS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 816:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser instrument on board ESA's Rosetta mission has collected dust particles in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During the early-orbit phase of the Rosetta mission, particles and particle agglomerates have been imaged and analyzed in the inner coma at distances between 100 km and 10 km off the cometary nucleus and at more than 3 AU from the Sun. We identified 585 particles of more than 14 μm in size. The particles are collected at low impact speeds and constitute a sample of the dust particles in the inner coma impacting and fragmenting on the targets. The sizes of the particles range from 14 μm up to sub-millimeter sizes and the differential dust flux size distribution is fitted with a power law exponent of -3.1. After impact, the larger particles tend to stick together, spread out or consist of single or a group of clumps, and the flocculent morphology of the fragmented particles is revealed. The elemental composition of the dust particles is heterogeneous and the particles could contain typical silicates like olivine and pyroxenes, as well as iron sulfides. The sodium to iron elemental ratio is enriched with regard to abundances in CI carbonaceous chondrites by a factor from ∼1.5 to ∼15. No clear evidence for organic matter has been identified. The composition and morphology of the collected dust particles appear to be similar to that of interplanetary dust particles.
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| 8. |
- Jack, Alison A, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose Nanofibril Formulations Incorporating a Low-Molecular-Weight Alginate Oligosaccharide Modify Bacterial Biofilm Development.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 20:8, s. 2953-2961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from wood pulp are a renewable material possessing advantages for biomedical applications because of their customizable porosity, mechanical strength, translucency, and environmental biodegradability. Here, we investigated the growth of multispecies wound biofilms on CNF formulated as aerogels and films incorporating the low-molecular-weight alginate oligosaccharide OligoG CF-5/20 to evaluate their structural and antimicrobial properties. Overnight microbial cultures were adjusted to 2.8 × 109 colony-forming units (cfu) mL-1 in Mueller Hinton broth and growth rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus 1061A monitored for 24 h in CNF dispersions sterilized by γ-irradiation. Two CNF formulations were prepared (20 g m-2) with CNF as air-dried films or freeze-dried aerogels, with or without incorporation of an antimicrobial alginate oligosaccharide (OligoG CF-5/20) as a surface coating or bionanocomposite, respectively. The materials were structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser profilometry (LP). The antimicrobial properties of the formulations were assessed using single- and mixed-species biofilms grown on the materials and analyzed using LIVE/DEAD staining with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and COMSTAT software. OligoG-CNF suspensions significantly decreased the growth of both bacterial strains at OligoG concentrations >2.58% (P < 0.05). SEM showed that aerogel-OligoG bionanocomposite formulations had a more open three-dimensional structure, whereas LP showed that film formulations coated with OligoG were significantly smoother than untreated films or films incorporating PEG400 as a plasticizer (P < 0.05). CLSM of biofilms grown on films incorporating OligoG demonstrated altered biofilm architecture, with reduced biomass and decreased cell viability. The OligoG-CNF formulations as aerogels or films both inhibited pyocyanin production (P < 0.05). These novel CNF formulations or bionanocomposites were able to modify bacterial growth, biofilm development, and virulence factor production in vitro. These data support the potential of OligoG and CNF bionanocomposites for use in biomedical applications where prevention of infection or biofilm growth is required.
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| 9. |
- Joiner, A, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption from black tea and red wine onto in vitro salivary pellicles studied by ellipsometry
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111, s. 417-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of black tea and red wine components onto a pellicle-like protein layer formed in vitro by adsorption from whole unstimulated saliva on hydroxyapatite discs were studied by in situ ellipsometry. It was found that components from black tea readily adsorbed to the pellicle. Subsequent exposure to saliva led to further adsorption of salivary components to give an overall increase in the amounts adsorbed. The amounts adsorbed increased still further following a third tea and saliva exposure. Components of red wine gave significantly greater amounts of adsorption to the pellicle than black tea. The adsorption of components of black tea gave a concomitant increase in colour or stain as measured by a reflectance chromameter. In all cases, the black tea- and red wine-modified pellicles were not eluted by either phosphate buffer or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) rinses. Thus, black tea and red wine components have been shown to have a profound effect on in vitro pellicle maturation, causing thickened layers of stained material to build up, which are not readily removed.
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| 10. |
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