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| 2. |
- Giraldo, Sergio, et al.
(author)
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Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells with 10.6% efficiency through innovative absorber engineering with Ge superficial nanolayer
- 2016
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In: Progress in Photovoltaics. - : Wiley. - 1062-7995 .- 1099-159X. ; 24:10, s. 1359-1367
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In our recently published work, the positive effect of a Ge nanolayer introduced into the processing of Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorbers (CZTSe) was demonstrated. In this contribution, the complete optimization of this new approach is presented for the first time. Hence, the optimum Ge nanolayer thickness range is defined in order to achieve an improved performance of the devices, obtaining a record efficiency of 10.6%. By employing this optimized approach, the open-circuit voltage (V-OC) is boosted for our pure selenide CZTSe up to 489 mV, leading to V-OC deficit among the lowest reported so far in kesterite technology. Additionally, two important effects related to the Ge are unambiguously demonstrated that might be the origin of the V-OC boost: the improvement of the grain size and the corresponding crystalline quality, and the interaction between Ge and Na that allows for dynamic control over the CZTSe doping. Finally, evidences pointing to the origin of the deterioration of devices properties for large Ge concentrations are presented.
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| 4. |
- Commowick, Olivier, et al.
(author)
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Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure
- 2018
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning,.), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores.
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| 5. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(author)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 6. |
- Callebaut, Gilles, et al.
(author)
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6G Radio Testbeds: Requirements, Trends, and Approaches
- 2024
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In: IEEE Microwave Magazine. - 1527-3342 .- 1557-9581. ; 25:4, s. 14-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The proof of the pudding lies in eating, and that is why 6G testbeds are essential in the progress toward the next generation of wireless networks. Theoretical research toward 6G wireless networks proposes advanced technologies to serve new applications and drastically improve energy performance. Testbeds are indispensable to validate these new technologies under more realistic conditions. This article clarifies the requirements for 6G radio testbeds, reveals trends, and introduces approaches toward their development.
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| 7. |
- Callebaut, Gilles, et al.
(author)
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An Open Dataset Storage Standard for 6G Testbeds
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA). - 9798350323047 ; , s. 347-352
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of sixth-generation (6G) networks has spurred the development of novel testbeds, including sub-THz networks, cell-free systems, and 6G simulators. To maximize the benefits of these systems, it is crucial to make the generated data publicly available and easily reusable by others. Although data sharing has become a common practice, a lack of standardization hinders data accessibility and interoperability. In this study, we propose the Dataset Storage Standard (DSS) to address these challenges by facilitating data exchange and enabling convenient processing script creation in a testbed-agnostic manner. DSS supports both experimental and simulated data, allowing researchers to employ the same processing scripts and tools across different datasets. Unlike existing standardization efforts such as SigMF and NI RF Data Recording API, DSS provides a broader scope by accommodating a common definition file for testbeds and is not limited to RF data storage. The dataset format utilizes a hierarchical structure, with a tensor representation for specific experiment scenarios. In summary, DSS offers a comprehensive and flexible framework for enhancing the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) in 6G testbeds, promoting open and efficient data sharing in the research community.
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