| 1. |
- Ponten, E., et al.
(författare)
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Spastic wrist flexors are more severely affected than wrist extensors in children with cerebral palsy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dev Med Child Neurol. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 47:6, s. 384-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Morphological properties of skeletal muscle were compared between wrist flexors and extensors within the same children (n = 8, six females, two males; age range 4 to 9y, median age 7 y) with wrist muscle imbalance secondary to spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Five patients had hemiplegic CP, two diplegic CP, and one patient had tetraplegic CP. Muscle biopsies were taken during either tendon transfer or tendon lengthening procedures. Analyses included distribution of muscle fibre types, fibre sizes, and expression of developmental myosins. Extensor fibre area was significantly greater than flexor fibre area for type 2A fibres and type 2B fibres but not for type 1 fibres. Coefficient of variation (CV) of fibre size for all three fibre types was greater for flexors compared with extensors. The greatest CV was observed for the type 2A fibres in flexors (39.5 [3.6%]). A wide variation was observed for expression of developmental myosin with the magnitude of the expression being greater, but not statistically significant, in flexors compared with extensors (5.4/mm2 vs 0.53/mm2). These data demonstrate that significant secondary myopathy of wrist flexor muscles results from CP.
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| 2. |
- Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima, et al.
(författare)
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Laminin chains in developing and adult human myotendinous junctions.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. - 0022-1554 .- 1551-5044. ; 48:2, s. 201-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to being the specialized site for transmission of force from the muscle to the tendon, the myotendinous junction (MTJ) also plays an important role in muscle splitting during morphogenesis. An early event in the formation of the MTJ is a regional deposition of basement membranes. We used immunocytochemistry to investigate the distribution of laminin chains during the development of MTJs in human limb muscle at 8-22 weeks of gestation (wg) and in adult MTJs. We used polyclonal antibodies and a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human laminin alpha1 G4/G5 domains. At 8-10 wg, laminin alpha1 and laminin alpha5 chains were specifically localized to the MTJ. Laminin alpha1 chain remained restricted to the MTJ at 22 wg as the laminin beta2 chain had appeared, whereas the laminin alpha5 chain became deposited along the entire length of the myotubes from 12 wg. In the adult MTJ, only vestigial amounts of laminin alpha1 and laminin alpha5 chains could be detected. On the basis of co-distribution data, we speculate that laminin alpha1 chain in the forming MTJ undergoes an isoform switch from laminin 1 to laminin 3. Our data indicate a potentially important role for laminin alpha1 chain in skeletal muscle formation.
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| 3. |
- Jivegård, Lennart, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of three months of low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) treatment after bypass surgery for lower limb ischemia--a randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentre trial.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884. ; 29:2, s. 190-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that long-term postoperative dalteparin (Fragmin), Pharmacia Corp) treatment improves primary patency of peripheral arterial bypass grafts (PABG) in lower limb ischemia patients on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment. DESIGN: Prospective randomised double blind multicenter study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a computer algorithm 284 patients with lower limb ischemia, most with pre-operative ischemic ulceration or partial gangrene, from 12 hospitals were randomised, after PABG, to 5000 IU dalteparin or placebo injections once daily for 3 months. All patients received 75 mg of ASA daily for 12 months. Graft patency was assessed at 1, 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: At 1 year, 42 patients had died or were lost to follow-up. Compliance with the injection schedule was 80%. Primary patency rate, in the dalteparin versus the control group, respectively, was 83 versus 80% (n.s.) at 3 months and 59% for both groups at 12 months. Major complication rates and cardiovascular morbidity were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients on ASA treatment, long-term postoperative dalteparin treatment did not improve patency after peripheral artery bypass grafting. Therefore, low molecular weight heparin treatment cannot be recommended for routine use after bypass surgery for critical lower limb ischemia.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediate filament proteins in adult human arteries.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Anatomical Record. - 0003-276X .- 1097-0185. ; 247:4, s. 439-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The cytoskeleton of cells in blood vessel walls contains desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratins. The distribution of these proteins in human vessels is not fully known. We have mapped the distribution of intermediate filament proteins in human arterial walls.METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies targeted at the intermediate filament proteins desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratins were used, and the distribution of these proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: In the muscular arteries, most smooth muscle cells in the media expressed both desmin and vimentin; in the elastic arteries, the proportion of desmin-labelled cells was lower and preferentially located to the periphery of the media. In general, the desmin immunoreactivity within the intima was weak, but some smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle cells in the musculoelastic layer showed strong immunoreactivity. The vasa vasorum exhibited a heterogeneous desmin-labelling pattern. The vimentin antibodies labelled the endothelium and showed a heterogeneous staining pattern in the other layers of the arterial wall. Cytokeratin was detected in occasional cells in the media of muscular arteries, in many adluminal cells and cell clusters in the coronary intima, and in smooth muscle cells in the media of the elastic arteries.CONCLUSIONS: Vimentin is widely distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas the distribution of desmin and cytokeratin varies. Each artery studied had an intermediate filament pattern typical for the anatomical location. There were no interindividual variations in the distribution of intermediate filament proteins.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediate filament proteins in developing human arteries.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Anatomy and Embryology. - 0340-2061 .- 1432-0568. ; 199:3, s. 225-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of intermediate filament proteins in adult human blood vessels and in human fetal elastic arteries is relatively well-known. However, the distribution of these proteins in the course from neonate to adult has not been established. In this investigation, human postnatal arteries were studied with immunohistochemistry, using antibodies targeted on the intermediate filament proteins desmin, vimentin and cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19. Vimentin was present in most smooth muscle cells in all vessels and at all ages. The proportions of desmin-expressing cells increased in the elastic arteries during the first year of life and was higher in the pulmonary trunk than in the aorta. In the muscular arteries, the proportion of desmin-labelled cells increased in the coronary and the deep femoral arteries, but remained constant in the renal and the cerebral arteries. Cytokeratins were detected in the pulmonary trunk earlier than in the aorta. Cytokeratins were present throughout the wall of the ductus arteriosus, but desmin was present only in some cells. Thus, there are postnatal changes in the distribution of intermediate filament proteins in the elastic arteries and in some muscular arteries, whereas the intermediate filament pattern remains unchanged in other muscular arteries.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Smoothelin and intermediate filament proteins in human aortocoronary saphenous vein by-pass grafts.
- 1999
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Ingår i: The Histochemical Journal. - 0018-2214 .- 1573-6865. ; 31:11, s. 723-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this immunohistochemical investigation was to study the distribution of the novel cytoskeletal protein smoothelin and the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin in normal human great saphenous vein and in human aortocoronary by-pass vein grafts. Smoothelin was present in most smooth muscle cells in the media of the native vein. In the neointima of the vein grafts that had been in situ for three months or more, smoothelin was, in general, present only in few smooth muscle cells. Desmin was distributed in the same pattern as smoothelin in the native great saphenous vein. When desmin and smoothelin were present in the neointima, smoothelin was detected in more cells than desmin. Vimentin was present in most cells in all wall layers of both the native saphenous vein and the vein grafts. Vascular smooth muscle cells containing vimentin but not desmin or smoothelin are the principal cells in the neointima of human aortocoronary vein grafts. In some grafts, however, all three cytoskeletal proteins were detected in the neointima. The distribution of smoothelin and desmin in aortocoronary vein grafts support the postulate that these proteins are expressed mainly in the contractile smooth muscle cell phenotype.
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| 7. |
- Monemi, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse changes in fibre type and myosin heavy chain compositions of human jaw muscle vs. limb muscle during ageing.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 167:4, s. 339-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review shows that human jaw muscles not only have unique fibre type and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) compositions but also undergo muscle and region-specific changes in fibre composition during ageing. Alterations in the masseter and the lateral pterygoid muscles in the elderly are opposite to those reported for limb and trunk muscles, whereas changes in the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle resemble those of limb and trunk muscles. We conclude that age-related alterations in fibre type composition and MyHC expression are muscle and region specific, probably reflecting muscular differences in genetic programs and epigenetic influences.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Thornell, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediate filament and associated proteins in the human heart : an immunofluorescence study of normal and pathological hearts.
- 1984
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 5 Suppl F, s. 231-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cytoskeleton of human ventricular myocardium in normal and pathological hearts has been analysed with immunocytochemical techniques. Specific antibodies against the intermediate filament proteins desmin (Mr 55 000) and vimentin (Mr 58 000) and antibodies against two cytoskeleton-associated proteins, a spectrin-like protein (Mr 230 000) and vinculin (Mr 130 000), have been used. We show that desmin is localized in the myocytes as an intermyofibrillar lattice at the Z disk level of the myofibrils, and at the intercalated disks. The spectrin-like protein is localized as a transverse striated pattern interlinked with fine longitudinal strands in the subplasmalemmal region of the myocytes. Vinculin is abundant in the intercalated disks and in myotendinous junctions but occurs also at the peripheral sarcolemma in the form of a regular repeat of dots and of fine bar-like extensions into the cytoplasm from the dots. These patterns were observed both in normal and in abnormal hearts, but a number of altered patterns in pathological myocytes were also seen. It is concluded that the intermediate filament system has important implications in the structural function of normal and abnormal hearts but that further studies are needed to elucidate how the different components are related to each other and how they are influenced by different disease processes.
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