| 1. |
- Grönberg, Malin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin expression is associated with a favorable outcome in male breast cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin and obestatin are two gastrointestinal peptides, derived from a common precursor. Expression of both peptides have been found in breast cancer tissue and ghrelin has been associated with breast cancer development. Ghrelin expression is associated with longer survival in women diagnosed with invasive and node negative breast cancer. The clinical implications of the peptide expression in male breast cancer are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and potential clinical value of ghrelin and obestatin in male breast cancer. A tissue microarray of invasive male breast cancer specimens from 197 patients was immunostained with antibodies versus the two peptides. The expression of the peptides was correlated to previously known prognostic factors in breast cancer and to the outcome. No strong correlations were found between ghrelin or obestatin expression and other known prognostic factors. Only ghrelin expression was statistically significantly correlated to breast cancer-specific survival (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.83) in univariate analyses and in multivariate models, adjusted for tumor size and node status (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.87). HR for obestatin was 0.38 (95% CI 0.11-1.24). Ghrelin is a potential prognostic factor for breast cancer death in male breast cancer. Patients with tumors expressing ghrelin have a 2.5-fold lower risk for breast cancer death than those lacking ghrelin expression. Drugs targeting ghrelin are currently being investigated in clinical studies treating metabolic or nutritional disorders. Ghrelin should be further evaluated in forthcoming studies as a prognostic marker with the aim to be included in decision algorithms.
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| 2. |
- Grönberg, Malin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin is a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin and obestatin are gastrointestinal peptides, encoded by the same preproghrelin gene. Both are expressed in breast cancer tissue and ghrelin has been implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Despite recent advances in breast cancer management the need for new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer remains high. We studied the prognostic impact of ghrelin and obestatin in women with node negative breast cancer. Within a cohort of women with breast cancer with tumor size <= 50 mm, no lymph node metastases and no initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, 190 women were identified who died from breast cancer and randomly selected 190 women alive at the corresponding time as controls. Tumor tissues were immunostained with antibodies versus the peptides. Ghrelin expression was associated with better breast cancer specific survival in univariate analyses (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84) and in multivariate models, adjusted for endocrine treatment and age (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.89). Obestatin expression was non-informative (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.60-2.46). Ghrelin expression is independent prognostic factor for breast cancer death in node negative patients-halving the risk for dying of breast cancer. Our data implies that ghrelin could be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment.
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| 3. |
- Tiensuu Janson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Carcinoid tumors : analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 301 patients from a referral center
- 1997
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 8:7, s. 685-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Little is known about factors related to prognosis in patients with carcinoid disease. In this study we have tried to identify such factors.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We have evaluated 301 consecutive carcinoid patients (256 midgut, 39 foregut and six hindgut) referred during 15 years for medical treatment with respect to tumor distribution, hormone production, prognostic factors and survival.RESULTS:Survival was significantly shorter in midgut carcinoid patients with > or = 5 liver metastases or with high levels of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, plasma chromogranin A or neuropeptide K. By univariate analysis, these variables together with the presence of carcinoid syndrome were related to a higher risk of dying. In multivariate analyses, performed in the 71 patients with full information on all variables, advanced age and plasma chromogranin A > 5000 micrograms/l were independent predictors of overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:Poor prognostic factors for midgut carcinoid patients were multiple liver metastases, presence of carcinoid syndrome and high levels of the tumor markers studied. In this study the only independent predictors of bad prognosis in midgut, carcinoid patients were advanced age, which however is inherently related to overall survival, and plasma chromogranin A > 5000 micrograms/l. Thus, chromogranin A may prove to be an important prognostic marker for patients with carcinoid tumors.
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