| 1. |
- Torén, Kjell, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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How to promote prevention--economic incentives or legal regulations or both?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health. ; 29:3, s. 239-45.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal regulations of the work environment are probably regarded as the main tools for promoting prevention at the workplace. Legal regulations are expressed as occupational exposure limits, bans, and taxes. Taxes can be regarded as economic incentives as well, and other economic incentives are insurance systems for employers' and consumers' actions. The latter have been found to have profound effects regarding environmental issues and may also, in the future, be a powerful tool for workplace-related prevention. The research in this area is rather limited, but there are some research results that can be obtained from the area of environmental economics. This paper discusses some examples in which legal regulations, economic incentives, or both have been used. Legal regulations and market-based economic incentives may produce similar results, but the economic cost and political feasibility typically differ. This situation makes the selection and design of instruments an important field for future research.
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| 2. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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How to Promote Prevention Economics Incentives, Legal Regulations or Both?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal regulations of the work environment are probably regarded as the main tools to promote prevention at the work-place. The legal regulations are expressed as occupational exposure limits, bans and taxes. Taxes can be regarded as economic incentives as well, and other economic incentives are insurance systems for employers and consumers´ actions. The latter have been found to have profound effects regarding environmental issues, and may also in future be a powerful tool for work-place related prevention. The research in this area is rather limited, but there are some research results that can be obtained from the area of environmental economy. The paper will discuss some examples where legal regulations, economic incentives or both have been used. Described examples will be the control of silicosis, 2-naphthylamine, trichloroethylene and the process chemicals used in pulp and paper bleaching.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Söderberg, Mia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial job conditions, fear avoidance beliefs and expected return to work following acute coronary syndrome : A cross-sectional study of fear-avoidance as a potential mediator
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite improvements in treatment, acute coronary syndrome remains a substantial cause for prolonged sick absences and premature retirement. Knowledge regarding what benefits return to work is limited, especially the effect of psychological processes and psychosocial work factors. The purposes of this cross-sectional study were two-fold: to examine associations between adverse psychosocial job conditions and fear-avoidance beliefs towards work, and to determine whether such beliefs mediated the relationship between work conditions and expected return to work in acute coronary syndrome survivors.Methods: Study inclusion criteria: acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina diagnosis, below 65 years of age, being a resident in the West county of Sweden and currently working. In all, 509 individuals (21.8 % women) accepted study participation and for whom all data of study interest were available for analysis. Psychosocial work variables; job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance, were assessed with standard questionnaire batteries. Linear regression models were used to investigate relationships between psychosocial factors and fear-avoidance, and to evaluate mediator effects for fear-avoidance. Both total sample and gender stratified analyses were calculated.Results: Fear-avoidance beliefs about work were associated to psychosocial job environments characterized by high strain (β 1.4; CI 1.2–1.6), active and passive work and high effort-reward imbalance (β 0.6; CI 0.5–0.7). Further, such beliefs also mediated the relationship between adverse work conditions and expected time for return to work. However, these results were only observed in total sample analyses or among or male participants. For women only high strain was linked to fear-avoidance, and these relationships became non-significant when entering chosen confounders.Conclusions: This cross-sectional study showed that acute coronary syndrome survivors, who laboured under adverse psychosocial work conditions, held fear-avoidance beliefs towards their workplace. Furthermore, these beliefs mediated the relationships between - high strained or high effort-reward imbalanced work - and expected return to work. However, mentioned results were primarily found among men, which could results from few female study participants or gender differences in return to work mechanisms. Still, an earlier return to work might be promoted by interventions focusing on improved psychosocial work conditions and cognitive behavioural therapy targeting fear-avoidance beliefs.
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| 5. |
- Castenbrandt, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Health: The Influence of Gender and Institutional Settings on Sickness Claims in Gothenburg, Sweden (1898-1950)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social History of Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0951-631X .- 1477-4666. ; 33:4, s. 1259-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sickness funds information has given conflicting evidence on the evolution of morbidity during the mortality decline. Evidence on increased morbidity has been explained by an actual increase of morbidity, a cultural inflation of morbidity or changing institutional settings, however, morbidity rates have also been shown to be stable over time when age composition of members is controlled for. Most previous studies have been confined to data on men; however, in an earlier article, Castenbrandt found large gender differences in historical sick leave by using national statistics on both men and women. To move forward, this article aims to analyse trends in sickness claims during the mortality decline in the early twentieth century using individual level data from Swedish sickness funds covering the period 1898-1950. Concretely, we investigate gender differences in sickness claims (incidence and duration) and how institutional settings (member composition and fund-specific regulations) affected the sick leave patterns.
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| 6. |
- Kim, Jeong-Lim, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and school grades in Swedish adolescents: a study of the large general population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 1651-2227. ; 99, s. 72-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the associations between fish intake and academic achievement as cognitive parameter among Swedish adolescents. METHODS: In 2000, a questionnaire including respiratory items, socioeconomic conditions and dietary information was mailed to all schoolchildren (n = 18 158), aged 15 and living in Västra Götaland region of Sweden. The questionnaire was returned by 10 837 subjects. One year later, the total school grades for each subject who had completed the questionnaire and who included their full personal identification number were obtained from the national registers. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between fish intake and academic grades among 9448 schoolchildren, while adjusting for potential confounders, e.g. parents' education. RESULTS: Grades were higher in subjects with fish consumption once a week compared with subjects with fish consumption of less than once a week (reference group) [increment in estimate 14.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.8-17.1]. Grades were even higher in subjects with fish consumption of more than once a week compared with the reference group (increment in estimate 19.9, 95% CI 16.5-23.3). In the model stratified for parents' education, there were still higher grades among subjects with frequent fish intake in all educational strata (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Frequent fish intake among schoolchildren may provide benefits in terms of academic achievement.
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| 7. |
- Kim, Jeong-Lim, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory Health among Korean Pupils in Relation to Home, School and Outdoor Environment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Korean medical science. - : Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. - 1011-8934 .- 1598-6357. ; 26:2, s. 166-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are few studies about school-environment in relation to pupils' respiratory health, and Korean school-environment has not been characterized. All pupils in 4th grade in 12 selected schools in three urban cities in Korea received a questionnaire (n = 2,453), 96% participated. Gaseous pollutants and ultrafine particles (UFPs) were measured indoors (n = 34) and outdoors (n = 12) during winter, 2004. Indoor dampness at home was investigated by the questionnaire. To evaluate associations between respiratory health and environment, multiple logistic- and multi-level regression models were applied adjusting for potential confounders. The mean age of pupils was 10 yr and 49% were boys. No school had mechanical ventilation and CO2-levels exceeded 1,000 ppm in all except one of the classrooms. The indoor mean concentrations of SO2, NO2, O-3 and formaldehyde were 0.6 mu g/m(3), 19 mu g/m(3), 8 mu g/m(3) and 28 mu g/m(3), respectively. The average level of UFPs was 18,230 pt/cm(3) in the classrooms and 16,480 pt/cm(3) outdoors. There were positive associations between wheeze and outdoor NO2, and between current asthma and outdoor UFPs. With dampness at home, pupils had more wheeze. In conclusion, outdoor UFPs and even low levels of NO2 may adversely contribute to respiratory health in children. High CO2-levels in classrooms and indoor dampness/mold at home should be reduced.
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