| 1. |
- Heikkinen, Satu, 1969-
(författare)
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Att köra eller inte köra : Hur de äldre, åldrande och bilkörning har diskuterats i svensk transportpolitik
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study is to analyse the formation of older and ageing drivers in Swedish transportation policy. Documents from the Swedish Government, the Riksdag and, in a few cases, public authorities and newspapers are analysed. The discourse-analytical framework is inspired by Foucault’s archaeology, which is used as a tool box. The study identifies/constructs three periods in the formation of older and ageing drivers. In the first period (1934–1967) there is a discursive gap between statements about driver selection and traffic safety. Driving in ‘old age’ is a problem for medical expertise and mandatory tests are proposed. The proposals are rejected, as older people’s driving is not a problem in the discourse of traffic safety. In the second period (1967–1991) ‘older drivers’ is made up as a category of interest. ‘Older drivers’ become an accident population in the discourse of traffic safety due to changes in statistical practices. In the third period (1991–2006) a discourse of older peo-ple’s mobility is appearing alongside the discourses of traffic safety and driver selection. Moreover, the study traces how the statements of older and ageing drivers are ordered by more general ideas of the aged and ageing. Double discourses of ageing are followed by a dichotomisation in ‘healthy’ and ‘sick older drivers’ in the 1990s. The idea of an abrupt exit in old age alters to a more gradual exit, in its turn followed by challenging the very idea of exit.
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| 2. |
- Kiemo, Karatu, 1964-
(författare)
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Towards a Socio-Economic and Demographic Theory of Elderly Suicide: A Comparison of 49 Countries at Various Stages of Development
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- D. Cowgill found out that the role and status of the elderly declined with modernisation, but in contradiction G. Hammarström found out that what actually affected the role and status of the elderly during modernisation was the rate at which modernisation occurred. From current studies, it can be insinuated that the transformation from socialist to market economies has too affected the role and status of the elderly adversely. In all, the social condition following on the above changes in productive, organisational and demographic structures connects with what E. Durkheim found to cause imbalance in social integration, and therefore could aggravate elders’ rate of suicide. Using data from 49 developing and developed countries for the period around 1995, elderly suicide rates and elderly/non-elderly suicide ratio are examined in light of the extent and direction of socio-economic development; and in light of the extent of demographic transition and elderly population’s gender structure. Results show that the direction of socio-economic change impacts differentially on elderly suicide rates, the rates in regressing economies being appreciably higher than in progressing economies. However, the impact of socio-economic trends on the elderly/non-elderly suicide ratio was not clear-cut. The extent of socio-economic change impacts differentially on elderly suicide rates, the distribution being curvilinear (inverted-U functional) rather than Cowgill’s linear hypothesis. The extent of socio-economic change also impacts differentially on elderly/non-elderly suicide ratio in an inverse correlation rather than Cowgill’s hypothesised positive correlation. Whereas the results failed to conform to the structuration of Cowgill’s modernisation theory, the theory is deemed substantively relevant especially in explaining the extent to which the status of being elderly aggravates suicide in the context of contemporary developing countries. In this regard, Riley’s concept of age-integration seems more appropriate than Durkheim’s social integration in explaining how older age aggravates suicide in an especial manner. The thesis in this study is that elderly suicide is a function of age-related role and status and regulated by dynamics of socio-economic and demographic structures. Culture too seems to play some role that is yet to be determined.
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| 3. |
- Krekula, Clary, 1959-
(författare)
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Kvinna i ålderskodad värld : Om äldre kvinnors förkroppsligade identitetsförhandlingar
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By exploring identity processes during women’s life course, this study aims at broadening the theoretical framework concerning the intersection of age and gender. Two fundamental questions are posed: (1) how do identity processes appear when an age perspective is added, and (2) how can women’s narratives about old age be understood from the social psychological identity perspective? The study is based on individual qualitative interviews with women aged 75+, which were preceded by focus group interviews. The analysis draws attention to the duality of bodily meanings: the on-stage-body and the off-stage-body. These analytical concepts call attention to the body as embodied identity claims and as bodily signs given, but not used by the actor as identity claims. The analyses also emphasize how identity processes are based on a notion of phenomena as age coded, that is, the appropriateness of behaviours as determined in relation to age. The study illustrates several parallel identity processes: face-to-face interaction, interaction with internalized significant others and with social norms. The study highlights that (1) identities can be more or less dependent on external approval and that (2) the body`s role in identity processes varies with context and interaction. The study reveals a variety of old age discourses. Depending on whether identities are coded as appropriate for old age or younger ages, the category 'old women' is both used and rejected as an in-group. In a similar vein, the dichotomy of subjective and chronological age stands out as an identity strategy. The study also shows that chronological age is used as a sufficient explanation for changed conditions, situating changes in life at the individual and biological level, whereby social aging processes are toned down, and the women’s position as actors becomes limited.
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| 4. |
- Wadensten, Barbro, 1954-
(författare)
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Gerotranscendence from a Nursing Perspective – from Theory to Implementation
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis was to gain further knowledge about the nursing theoretical basis of care of older people, to translate the theory of gerotranscendence into practical guidelines, and to implement the theory and guidelines in practical settings.Study I comprised a literature search and a review with qualitative analysis of nursing theories. The conclusion drawn was that nursing theories do not provide guidance on how to care for older people or on how to support them in the developmental process of ageing. Thus, there is a need to develop a nursing care model that, more than contemporary theories, takes human ageing into consideration.Study II was a qualitative interview study involving staff working in care of older people. The interviews were qualitatively analysed. The conclusion was that staff members need an interpretative framework that allows them to understand the signs they sometimes observe in older people. Such a framework would enable staff to develop a broader approach to their care for older people. Parts of this framework can be found in the theory of gerotranscendence.In Study III, guidelines for practical care of older people were derived from the theory of gerotranscendence. Focus group interviews were used and other sources supporting the guidelines were given. A qualitative analysis of the interviews was carried out, and the theory of gerotranscendence was used as the theoretical framework. The guidelines could be used to promote a development toward gerotranscendence and could also be of value for people who have already attained a state of gerotranscendence. The guidelines focus on the individual, activities and the organisation.In Study IV, the theory of gerotranscendence and practical guidelines were introduced in a nursing home. Data were collected via qualitative interviews with staff and residents, and observations were made. Qualitative analysis and triangulation were performed. As theoretical frameworks, both the theory of gerotranscendence and innovation theory were used. The result showed that the most used guidelines were those focusing on the individual; these concern what each staff member could do in his/her relation to the resident and care. The findings showed further that those staff members who interpreted signs in line with the theory of gerotranscendence also used the guidelines. The staff who were early to adopt and promote the guidelines were those individuals who described a feeling of harmony with essential parts of the gerotranscendence theory.The most important finding of this thesis was that it was possible to translate a theory such that it could generate practical guidelines that could be used by the staff. There are probably many theories that could be translated in order to be implemented in practical care, e.g. to build a bridge between theory and practice, thereby helping staff. Innovation theory could be of general interest in all contexts in which work towards change is being conducted.
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