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| 2. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Psychopathology in Attempted Suicide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 73:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Increasing evidence suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and suicidal behaviour (SB). Furthermore, decreased peripheral BDNF levels have been associated with clinical symptoms in various psychiatric disorders as well as with personality dimensions in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between BDNF and psychopathology is poorly investigated regarding SB. Methods: Plasma BDNF concentrations were analysed in 61 recent suicide attempters. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. Results: Plasma BDNF correlated positively and significantly with the personality dimension Solidity but not with the other personality dimensions or with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in humans. Our results indicate that lower BDNF concentrations are associated with higher levels of impulsiveness and changeability (low scores on the Solidity scale). Furthermore, low plasma BDNF levels may be proposed as a trait marker rather than a state marker for attempted suicide. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Niméus, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a modified interview version and of a self-rating version of the Suicide Assessment Scale.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1778-3585 .- 0924-9338. ; 21:7, s. 471-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) was constructed to be sensitive to change of suicidality. It was recently found to be predictive of suicide in a group of suicide attempters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a modified interview version of SUAS with defined scores and also a new self-rating version (SUAS-S). The subjects consisted of former inpatients, 42 persons who had been admitted because of a suicide attempt about 12 years ago and 22 control patients. The subjects were rated according to the SUAS, the SUAS-S, as well as the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The interrater reliability was found to be high. The SUAS correlated significantly with the MADRS, but the concordance was not consistent, which indicates that the SUAS measures something different from depression. The SUAS-S correlated significantly with the interview-rated SUAS, thus exhibiting good concurrent validity. In summary, both the modified interview version of SUAS and the SUAS-S seem to be valid, reliable and easily used suicide assessment instruments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Sunnqvist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies used by suicide attempters and comparison groups
- 2013
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 3, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of factors have been identified as being risk factors for suicidal behaviour. One of them is the handling of stressful events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the coping-strategies used by suicide attempters and comparison groups. 37 pa- tients who had recently made a suicide attempt, 38 suicide attempters at follow up, 20 psychiatric follow up controls, and 19 healthy controls filled in the COPE. We found that suicide attempters at long term follow up and healthy controls used more adaptive problem solving strategies than patients who had re- cently made a suicide attempt, or psychiatric controls at follow up, who used more maladaptive coping strategies. Our findings suggest that suicide attempt- ers in a twelve year follow up are able to use coping strategies similarly to healthy controls by e.g. ap- proaching the stressor actively. Further examinations of the impact of long term professional care and treatment of suicide attempters on their coping strategies are necessary.
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| 6. |
- Sunnqvist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Grasping the dynamics of suicidal behaviour : Combining time-geographic life charting and COPE ratings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 20:4, s. 336-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore whether a time-geographic life charting, combined with a survey of a person's coping capacities over time, elucidates the pathway to suicidal behaviour, and therefore could be useful in suicide prevention. Twenty-three patients were recruited shortly after a suicide attempt. A time-geographic life charting and COPE inventory ratings were used separately and in combination. According to COPE ratings, the participants could be divided into three groups using different coping strategies: (1) adaptive, (2) maladaptive, and (3) both adaptive and maladaptive coping. Within these subgroups, three different pathways to suicidal behaviour were described and illustrated. We conclude that time-geographic life charting used in combination with the pattern of coping strategies may be helpful when assessing risk of suicidal behaviour, because this approach strengthens the comprehensive picture of the patient's life situation.
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| 7. |
- Sunnqvist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide attempters :biological stressmarkers and adverse life events
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : EAPCN. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 258:8, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factors for suicidal behaviour include adverse life events as well as biochemical parameters acting, e.g. within the hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis and/or monoaminergic systems. The aim of the present investigation was to study stressful life events and biological stress markers among former psychiatric inpatients, who were followed up 12 years after an index suicide attempt. At the time of the index suicide attempt, and before treatment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken, and 24 h (h) urine (U) was collected. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycole (MHPG) in CSF and 24 h urinary samples of cortisol and noradrenaline/adrenaline (NA/A) were analysed. Data concerning stressful life events were collected retrospectively from all participants in the study through semi-structured interviews at follow-up. We found that patients who reported sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence had significantly higher levels of CSF-MHPG and U-NA/A, than those who had not. Low 24 h U-cortisol was associated with feelings of neglect during childhood and adolescence. In conclusion, this study has shown significant and discrepant biological stress-system findings in relation to some adverse life events.
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| 8. |
- Sunnqvist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Time geography: a model for psychiatric life charting?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 14:3, s. 250-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since many years, life charting has been used to describe the life course and life events of psychiatric patients. The aim of the present study was to describe and evaluate time geographic life. charts of 11 former psychiatric patients in order to promote systematic descriptions of their life events over time. Information on all events which was gathered from the life charts was analysed by manifest content analysis and reduced to four categories: information received by asking only about moves, social capacity, predisposing life events and/or stressful as well as precipitating life events. Our findings showed that this kind of life charts offered a comprehensive and structured picture. They describe a detailed life situation from one time period to another, where geographical sites serve as anchors. The patients expressed satisfaction with this method of combining an interview with a time geographic life line.
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| 9. |
- Vang, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Life-time adversities, reported thirteen years after a suicide attempt: relationship to recovery, 5HTTLPR genotype, and past and present morbidity.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 13:3, s. 214-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigated how adversities related to past and present morbidity, and genotype. Forty-two, suicide attempters and 22 matched control patients were followed-up after 13 years. Life-time adversities were explored in an interview, and the patients were reassessed psychiatrically. The serotonin-transporter-linked promotor region (5-HTTLPR) was typed. More adversities were reported by suicide attempters than controls, and by still-ill than recovered suicide attempters. Adversities reported at follow-up were related to psychiatric morbidity at follow-up, but not to morbidity 13 years earlier. The 5-HTTLPR, genotype was associated with reported adversities, but not chances of recovery. Adversities potentially affected chronic morbidity. 5-HTTLPR genotype did not affect long-term recovery.
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| 10. |
- Westling, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Altered glucose tolerance in women with deliberate self-harm
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Science direct. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 36:6, s. 878-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disturbances in glucose metabolism are of importance for violent behaviour in men, but studies in women are lacking. We used the 5 h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in this study of 17 female psychiatric patients, selected for violent behaviour directed against themselves (deliberate self-harm) and 17 healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Following OGTT, patients had higher glucose levels at 30 min (p = 0.007) and increased glucagon area under the curve (p = 0.011). Since a co-morbid eating disorder might affect results, we as a post-hoc analysis subgrouped the patients and found that the increased glucagon levels only were present in patients with an eating disorder. In contrast, those without an eating disorder showed a significantly lower p-glucose nadir (p = 0.015) and unaltered glucagon levels compared to controls. There were no significant differences in insulin and C-peptide levels between patients and controls. We conclude that deliberate self-harm in women may be associated with alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in certain groups. Eating disorder is a confounding factor.
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