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| 2. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivity is associated with decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in female suicide attempters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 70:8, s. 575-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Both decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicidal behaviour, as well as cognitive symptoms of depression. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown interactions between HPA-axis activity and BDNF, but this has not been studied in a clinical cohort of suicidal subjects. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate associations between HPA-axis activity and BDNF in suicide attempters. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between the HPA-axis, BDNF, and cognitive symptoms in suicidal patients. Since previous data indicate gender-related differences in BDNF and the HPA axis, males and females were examined separately. Method: Seventy-five recent suicide attempters (n = 41 females; n = 34 males) were enrolled in the study. The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was performed and BDNF in plasma were analysed. Patients were evaluated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) from which items ‘Concentration difficulties’ and ‘Failing memory’ were extracted. Results: Only among females, DST non-suppressors had significantly lower BDNF compared to DST suppressors (p = 0.022), and there was a significant correlation between post-DST serum cortisol at 8 a.m. and BDNF (rs = −0.437, p = 0.003). Concentration difficulties correlated significantly with post-DST cortisol in all patients (rs = 0.256, p = 0.035), in females (rs = 0.396, p = 0.015), and with BDNF in females (rs = −0.372, p = 0.020). Conclusion: The findings suggest an inverse relationship between the HPA-axis and BDNF in female suicide attempters. Moreover, concentration difficulties may be associated with low BDNF and DST non-suppression in female suicide attempters.
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| 3. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Psychopathology in Attempted Suicide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 73:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Increasing evidence suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and suicidal behaviour (SB). Furthermore, decreased peripheral BDNF levels have been associated with clinical symptoms in various psychiatric disorders as well as with personality dimensions in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between BDNF and psychopathology is poorly investigated regarding SB. Methods: Plasma BDNF concentrations were analysed in 61 recent suicide attempters. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. Results: Plasma BDNF correlated positively and significantly with the personality dimension Solidity but not with the other personality dimensions or with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in humans. Our results indicate that lower BDNF concentrations are associated with higher levels of impulsiveness and changeability (low scores on the Solidity scale). Furthermore, low plasma BDNF levels may be proposed as a trait marker rather than a state marker for attempted suicide. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 4. |
- Fernström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Six autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis are not detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous findings suggest a link between neuroinflammatory processes and suicidality. Despite several lines of evidence supporting this link, including increased pro-inflammatory markers in blood-, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- and in post-mortem brain samples from suicidal individuals, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this pilot study, we explored the possibility that autoimmune encephalopathies might be found among suicide attempters. We analysed the presence of six different autoantibodies (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol-propionic acid receptor, the γ-amino-butyric acid B-receptor, the leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1, the contactin-associated protein-like 2, and the dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6), all previously associated with psychopathology, in CSF samples from 29 unmedicated suicide attempters. Five of these subjects had high CSF/serum albumin ratio, indicative of increased blood-brain-barrier permeability. We were not able to detect any of these autoantibodies in the CSF samples. These pilot data do not support a role for autoimmune encephalopathies in suicidal behaviour, although the presence of lower levels of these autoantibodies cannot be ruled out in these patients.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Ludvig, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased aldosterone in the plasma of suicide attempters with major depressive disorder.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 187, s. 135-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hormones and neurobiological factors may be regulated differently in suicidal versus non-suicidal depressive patients. There is currently limited knowledge about the relation of substances in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to depression and suicidality. We therefore investigated whether plasma levels of renin and aldosterone differ between suicide attempters, non-suicidal depressive patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, we analyzed the relation of renin and aldosterone to psychiatric symptoms in the patients. Suicidal patients with MDD, adjustment disorder and dysthymia, as well as two control groups consisting of non-suicidal MDD patients and healthy subjects, were rated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), including the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA). Plasma samples were frozen immediately after collection and stored at -80 degrees C for 5-18years. Aldosterone and renin levels were analyzed using radioactive- and chemiluminescent immunoassays. We found that suicide attempters with MDD had significantly lower plasma levels of aldosterone than the other patient groups, as well as than the healthy controls. Moreover, increasing severity of psychiatric symptoms was associated with lower aldosterone levels in the suicide attempters with MDD. Non-suicidal patients with MDD did not differ significantly compared to healthy controls with respect to aldosterone and renin levels. These findings may indicate that low aldosterone levels could be a marker of suicidality in patients with MDD.
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| 7. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine levels in the blood may distinguish suicide attempters from depressed patients.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2139 .- 0889-1591. ; 25, s. 335-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated plasma cytokines is a common finding in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), although not consistent. It is currently not known whether the inflammatory changes are confined to any specific subgroup of depressive patients. We here analyzed three inflammatory markers in suicidal and non-suicidal depressive patients, as well as healthy controls. Plasma interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in 47 suicide attempters, 17 non-suicidal depressed patients and 16 healthy controls. Study participants were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) with subscales for anxiety and degree of depression, as well as the Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS). We found increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as decreased IL-2 concentrations in suicide attempters compared to non-suicidal depressed patients and healthy controls. The results were adjusted for potential confounders of cytokine expression, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), degree of depression, anxiety, personality disturbance, abuse and type of medication. These results demonstrate for the first time that suicidal patients display a distinct peripheral blood cytokine profile compared to non-suicidal depressed patients. Thus, our study provides further support for a role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of suicidality.
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| 8. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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IL-8 is associated with anxiety in suicidal patients: genotypes and biological measures in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 131:4, s. 269-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Recent studies indicate that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of suicidality. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that in addition to its function in the immune system also exert neuroprotective properties. The involvement of this chemokine in neuropsychiatric conditions is incompletely known. Method We measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8, as well as the genotype frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism (-251A/T, rs4073) in the promoter region of the IL8 gene, in suicide attempters (n = 206) and healthy controls (n = 578). Results Plasma and CSF levels of IL-8 were significantly lower in suicide attempters with anxiety than in healthy controls. IL-8 in both plasma and CSF correlated negatively with symptoms of anxiety. Compared with the population-based cohort, the IL-8-251T allele was more prevalent among female suicide attempters. Furthermore, suicide attempters carrying this allele showed more severe anxiety. This correlative study warrants further mechanistic studies on the effects of IL-8 in the central nervous system. Conclusion We suggest that IL-8 might be involved in the biological mechanisms mediating resilience to anxiety. Thus, our findings highlight the chemokine IL-8 as a potential target for future development of anti-anxiety treatments and suicide prevention.
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| 9. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Low IL-8 is associated with anxiety in suicidal patients: genetic variation and decreased protein levels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 131:4, s. 269-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveRecent studies indicate that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of suicidality. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that in addition to its function in the immune system also exert neuroprotective properties. The involvement of this chemokine in neuropsychiatric conditions is incompletely known. MethodWe measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8, as well as the genotype frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism (-251A/T, rs4073) in the promoter region of the IL8 gene, in suicide attempters (n=206) and healthy controls (n=578). ResultsPlasma and CSF levels of IL-8 were significantly lower in suicide attempters with anxiety than in healthy controls. IL-8 in both plasma and CSF correlated negatively with symptoms of anxiety. Compared with the population-based cohort, the IL-8-251T allele was more prevalent among female suicide attempters. Furthermore, suicide attempters carrying this allele showed more severe anxiety. This correlative study warrants further mechanistic studies on the effects of IL-8 in the central nervous system. ConclusionWe suggest that IL-8 might be involved in the biological mechanisms mediating resilience to anxiety. Thus, our findings highlight the chemokine IL-8 as a potential target for future development of anti-anxiety treatments and suicide prevention.
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