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- Fischer, Helmut, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of fungi and bacteria to the formation of dissolved organic carbon from decaying common reed (Phragmites australis)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Archiv für Hydrobiologie. - : Schweizerbart. - 0003-9136. ; 166:1, s. 79-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined release and subsequent utilization of DOC from leaves of common reed (Phragmites australis), a macrophyte which often dominates in shallow lakes and constitutes an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Leaves were incubated submersed in organic-free water for up to 63 days with natural and manipulated microbial communities. By this, we aimed to demonstrate differential effects of bacteria and fungi on the composition and amount of DOC originating from the leaves. DOC was analyzed by its total amount, spectral properties at wavelengths of 250-500 nm and its composition determined by size exclusion chromatography followed by organic carbon detection. Leaching of DOC was fast and the maximum DOC concentration was reached after 48 h. Mean molecule size increased during the first 14 days of incubation. Later on, humic-like substances accumulated, whereas low- and high-molecular-weight DOC were depleted. The formation of DOC from leaf detritus was strongly influenced by the composition of the microbial community present. Bacteria effectively removed low-molecular-weight DOC and accumulated high-molecular-weight DOC during a 7 day incubation. Leaf-degrading fungi promoted the accumulation of high amounts of intermediate-molecular-weight DOC, but were suppressed by the presence of bacteria. The presence of bacteria and/or fungi thus resulted in contrasting patterns of DOC composition, suggesting functional differences and strong interactions between those two major microbial groups during natural decomposition of leaves. The activity and interactions of both groups may therefore be significant for DOC composition in aquatic systems.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, Helmut, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial leaf degraders in boreal streams : bringing together stochastic and deterministic regulators of community composition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 54:11, s. 2276-2289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaves that fall into the water represent a new habitat for microorganisms to colonise in streams, providing an opportunity to study colonisation and the subsequent regulation of community structure. We explored community composition of bacteria and fungi on decomposing alder leaves in nine streams in central Sweden, and describe their relationship with environmental variables. Succession of the microbial community was studied in one of the streams for 118 days. Microbial community composition was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis on replicate samples of leaves from each stream. 2. During succession in one stream, maximum taxon richness was reached after 34 days for bacteria and 20 days for fungi respectively. Replicate samples within this stream differed between each other earlier in colonisation, while subsequently such variation among replicate communities was low and remained stable for several weeks. Replicate samples taken from all the nine streams after 34 days of succession showed striking similarities in microbial communities within-streams, although communities differed more strongly between streams. 3. Canonical analysis of microbial communities and environmental variables revealed that water chemistry had a significant influence on community composition. This influence was superimposed on a statistical relationship between the properties of stream catchments and microbial community composition. 4. The catchment regulates microbial communities in two different ways. It harbours the species pool from which the in-stream microbial community is drawn and it governs stream chemistry and the composition of organic substrates that further shape the communities. We suggest that there is a random element to colonisation early in succession, whereas other factors such as species interactions, stream chemistry and organic substrate properties, result in a more deterministic regulation of communities during later stages.
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| 5. |
- Romaní, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of bacteria and fungi on decomposing litter : Differential extracellular enzyme activities
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ecology. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 87:10, s. 2559-2569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi and bacteria are key agents in plant litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems. However, the specific roles of these two groups and their interactions during the decomposition process are unclear. We compared the growth and patterns of degradative enzymes expressed by communities of bacteria and fungi grown separately and in coexistence on Phragmites leaves. The two groups displayed both synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Bacteria grew better together with fungi than alone. In addition, there was a negative effect of bacteria on fungi, which appeared to be caused by suppression of fungal growth and biomass accrual rather than specifically affecting enzyme activity. Fungi growing alone had a high capacity for the decomposition of plant polymers such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. In contrast, enzyme activities were in general low when bacteria grew alone, and the activity of key enzymes in the degradation of lignin and cellulose (phenol oxidase and cellobiohydrolase) was undetectable in the bacteria-only treatment. Still, biomass-specific activities of most enzymes were higher in bacteria than in fungi. The low total activity and growth of bacteria in the absence of fungi in spite of apparent high enzymatic efficiency during the degradation of many substrates suggest that fungi provide the bacteria with resources that the bacteria were not able to acquire on their own, most probably intermediate decomposition products released by fungi that could be used by bacteria.
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