| 1. |
- Abril, Jazmine, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between pregnancy-related factors and birth characteristics with risk of rare uterine cancer subtypes : a Nordic population-based case-control study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 35:5, s. 741-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Uterine sarcomas are a rare group of uterine malignancies. Due to the low incidence and changes in uterine sarcoma classification, risk factors are not well characterized. Our objective was to evaluate risk factors for uterine sarcoma and compare risk factors between uterine sarcoma, malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (MMMTs), and type I endometrial carcinomas.Methods: This nested case-control study utilized linked data from population-based medical birth and cancer registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Up to 10 controls were matched on country and birth year for each uterine cancer case. Using multivariable adjusted multinomial logistic regression, estimates of the associations between pregnancy-related factors and risk of uterine sarcoma, MMMTs, and type I endometrial carcinomas were determined.Results: Having a very-low-birth-weight infant (< 1500 vs. 2500-3999 g: OR [95% CI] 2.83 [1.61-4.96]) was associated with an increased risk of uterine sarcoma. Whereas, having a more recent pregnancy was associated with reduced risks of MMMT (< 10 vs. >= 30 years: 0.66 [0.20-2.23]) and type 1 endometrial carcinomas (0.35 [0.30-0.41]) but not uterine sarcomas (1.33 [0.90-1.98], p-heterogeneity < 0.01).Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that risk factors for uterine sarcoma and MMMT, previously grouped with uterine sarcomas, vary substantially. Additionally, MMMT and type I endometrial carcinomas are more similar than uterine sarcoma in that pregnancy complications like gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were associated with reduced risks of both but not uterine sarcoma, suggesting different etiologies.
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| 2. |
- Akre, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in relation to testicular-cancer risk : a nested case-control study
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 82:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An infectious etiology of testicular cancer has been suggested. We have evaluated seroreactivity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in relation to testicular-cancer risk in a case-control study, nested within a cohort of prospectively collected serum specimens from 293,692 individuals. For each of 81 cases of testicular cancer identified, 3 controls were randomly selected from the cohort. Serum IgG antibody titers against CMV and EBV were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunofluorescence methods. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained from conditional logistic-regression models. No association was found between CMV positivity and testicular cancer overall (OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval 0.60-1.94); risk for testicular seminoma was increased among CMV seropositive [OR = 1.70 (0.80-3.59)], whereas seropositivity was associated with decreased risk for testicular non-seminoma [OR = 0.54 (0.19-1.56)] (p for heterogeneity, 0.09). For EBV, the risk for testicular cancer was increased among individuals seropositive for viral capsid antigen (VCA) [OR = 2.74 (0.62-12.12)]. The results lend some support to the hypothesis of an infectious etiology, and we propose that future studies should take into account age at infection.
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| 3. |
- Bjørge, Tone, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive history and risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in parous women : a Nordic population-based case-control study
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 115:11, s. 1416-1420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data are conflicting regarding the role of endogenous sex hormones in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this large population-based study, we pooled data from birth and cancer registries in four Nordic countries, to evaluate the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in relation to women's reproductive history. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study among women registered in Nordic birth registries. The study included colorectal adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during 1967-2013 and up to 10 matched controls per case, in total 22 185 cases and 220 246 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived from conditional logistic regression models. We had limited information available on possible confounders. Results: We found no evidence for associations between colorectal adenocarcinoma and parity, age at first and last birth, and time since first and last birth. The risk estimates were also close to unity for specific cancer subsites (proximal and distal colon and rectum). As well, when the analyses were stratified on menopausal status, parity, and mother's year of birth, no indication of associations was found. Conclusions: In this large, Nordic population-based study, no evidence for associations was found between women's reproductive history and colorectal adenocarcinoma in parous women.
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| 4. |
- Ording, Anne Gulbech, et al.
(författare)
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Birthweight and all-cause mortality after childhood and adolescent leukemia : a cohort of children with leukemia from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Washington State
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 59:8, s. 949-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High birthweight may predispose children to acute lymphoid leukemia, whereas low birthweight is associated with childhood morbidity and mortality. Low and high birthweight have been inconsistently associated with mortality in children with leukemia. Material and methods: In a cohort of childhood and adolescent leukemia (0-19 years) patients from registries in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Washington State in the United States (1967-2015), five-year all-cause mortality was assessed by birthweight and other measures of fetal growth using the cumulative incidence function and Cox regression with adjustment for sex, diagnosis year, country, the presence of Down's syndrome or other malformations, and type of leukemia. Results: Among 7148 children and adolescents with leukemia (55% male), 4.6% were low (<2500 g) and 19% were high (>= 4000 g) birthweight. Compared with average weight, hazard ratios (HRs) of death associated with low birthweight varied by age at leukemia diagnosis: 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 3.2) for patients 0-1 year old, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.6) for >1-2 years old; 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.5) for 3-8 years old; 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.8) for 9-13 years old; and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.1) for 14-19 years old, and were similar for size for gestational age and Ponderal index. In analyses restricted to children born full term (37-41 weeks of gestation), results were only slightly attenuated but risk was markedly increased for infants aged <= 1 year (HR for low birthweight = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 8.8). Conclusion: This cohort study does not suggest that low birthweight or SGA is associated with increased five-year all-cause mortality risk among children with any type of childhood leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, specifically, beyond infancy.
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| 5. |
- Sköld, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy-related risk factors for sex cord-stromal tumours and germ cell tumours in parous women : a registry-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 123:1, s. 161-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNon-epithelial ovarian cancers are divided into sex cord-stromal tumours (SCSTs) and germ cell tumours (GCTs). Whereas parity and other pregnancy-related factors are protective for epithelial ovarian cancer, their associations with SCSTs and GCTs remains unclear.MethodsUsing data from the medical birth registries from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we compared all parous women with a diagnosis of SCSTs (n = 420) or GCTs (n = 345) 1970–2013 with up to 10 parous controls (SCSTs n = 4041; GCTs n = 2942) matched on the cases’ birth year and country. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of associations between pregnancy-related factors and SCSTs and GCTs.ResultsThe risk of SCSTs, but not GCTs, decreased with higher age at last birth [≥40 versus <25 years: OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.23–0.98)]. The risk of SCSTs (but not GCTs) also decreased with shorter time since last birth. Number of births, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and offspring size were not associated with risk of SCSTs or GCTs.ConclusionsWe found a decreased risk of SCSTs with higher age at last birth and shorter time since last birth. The risk of SCSTs (but not GCTs) may be influenced by the woman’s reproductive history.
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| 6. |
- Sköld, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm delivery is associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among parous women
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 143:8, s. 1858-1867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epithelial ovarian cancer is a fatal disease of largely unknown etiology. Higher parity is associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer. However, among parous women, the impact of pregnancy-related factors on risk is not well understood. This population-based case-control study included all parous women with epithelial ovarian cancer in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during 1967-2013 (n = 10,957) and up to 10 matched controls (n = 107,864). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pregnancy-related factors and ovarian cancer risk by histological subtype. Preterm delivery was associated with an increased risk [pregnancy length (last pregnancy) 30 vs. 39-41 weeks, OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.06-1.67), adjusted for number of births]; the OR increased as pregnancy length decreased (p for trend < 0.001). Older age at first and last birth was associated with a decreased risk [first birth: 30-39 vs. <25 years: adjusted OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.83); last birth 30-39 vs. <25 years: adjusted OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.82)]. Increasing number of births was protective [>= 4 births vs. 1; OR 0.63 (95% CI 0.59-0.68)] for all subtypes, most pronounced for clear-cell tumors [OR 0.30, (95% CI 0.21-0.44), p(heterogeneity)<0.001]. No associations were observed for multiple pregnancies, preeclampsia or offspring size. In conclusion, in addition to high parity, full-term pregnancies and pregnancies at older ages were associated with decreased risk of ovarian cancer. Our findings favor the cell clearance hypothesis, i.e. a recent pregnancy provides protection by clearing of precancerous cells from the epithelium of the ovary/fallopian tubes, mediated by placental or ovarian hormones.
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| 7. |
- Trabert, Britton, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of pregnancy-related factors and birth characteristics with risk of endometrial cancer : A Nordic population-based case-control study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:6, s. 1523-1531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pregnancy-related factors are associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk. However, it remains unclear whether pregnancy-related complications (e.g., hypertensive conditions) are associated with risk and whether these associations vary by endometrial cancer subtype. Thus, we evaluated the risk of endometrial cancer, overall and by subtype, in relation to pregnancy-related factors, pregnancy complications and birth characteristics. Utilizing population-based register data from four Nordic countries, we conducted a nested case-control analysis of endometrial cancer risk. We included 10,924 endometrial cancer cases and up to 10 matched controls per case. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from unconditional logistic regression models. We further evaluated associations by individual histology (i.e., endometrioid, serous, etc.) or, for rare exposures (e.g., pregnancy complications), by dualistic type (Type I [n = 10,343] and Type II [n = 581]). Preexisting and pregnancy-related hypertensive conditions were associated with increased endometrial cancer risk (OR [95% CI]: preexisting hypertension 1.88 [1.39-2.55]; gestational hypertension 1.47 [1.33-1.63]; preeclampsia 1.43 [1.30-1.58]), with consistent associations across dualistic type. Increasing number of pregnancies (≥4 vs. 1 birth: 0.64 [0.59-0.69]) and shorter time since last birth (<10 vs. ≥30 years: 0.34 [0.29-0.40]) were associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk, with consistent associations across most subtypes. Our findings support the role for both hormonal exposures and cell clearance as well as immunologic/inflammatory etiologies for endometrial cancer. This research supports studying endometrial hyperplasia, a precursor condition of endometrial cancer, in the context of pregnancy-related exposures, as this may provide insight into the mechanisms by which pregnancy affects subsequent cancer risk.
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| 8. |
- Troisi, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy complications and subsequent breast cancer risk in the mother : a Nordic population-based case-control study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 143:8, s. 1904-1913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain features of pregnancy are important risk factors for breast cancer, such as protection afforded by young age at first birth. Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication, is associated with reduced maternal breast cancer risk. However, questions remain regarding causality, biological mechanisms and the relation of other hypertensive conditions to risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer cases (n = 116,196) in parous women identified through linkage of birth and cancer registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (1967-2013), including up to 10 matched controls per case (n = 1,147,192) sampled from the birth registries (complete data were not available on all variables). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from unconditional logistic regression models including matching factors (country, maternal birth year) and parity. Hypertension diagnosed before pregnancy (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.97), gestational hypertension (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86-0.93) and preeclampsia (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88-0.95) were associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Results remained similar after adjustment for smoking and maternal body mass index before first pregnancy, and were generally similar stratified by parity, age at breast cancer diagnosis, time since first and last birth, sex of the offspring and calendar time. Except for retained placenta (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.98-1.32), no other pregnancy complication appeared associated with breast cancer risk. The mechanisms mediating the modest risk reductions for history of preeclampsia or hypertension preceding or arising during pregnancy, and possible increased risk with history of retained placenta are unknown and warrant further laboratory, clinical and epidemiological investigation.
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