| 1. |
- Aoyama, T., et al.
(författare)
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The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 887, s. 1-166
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the present status of the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. This is performed in a perturbative expansion in the fine-structure constant α and is broken down into pure QED, electroweak, and hadronic contributions. The pure QED contribution is by far the largest and has been evaluated up to and including O(α5) with negligible numerical uncertainty. The electroweak contribution is suppressed by (mμ/MW)2 and only shows up at the level of the seventh significant digit. It has been evaluated up to two loops and is known to better than one percent. Hadronic contributions are the most difficult to calculate and are responsible for almost all of the theoretical uncertainty. The leading hadronic contribution appears at O(α2) and is due to hadronic vacuum polarization, whereas at O(α3) the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution appears. Given the low characteristic scale of this observable, these contributions have to be calculated with nonperturbative methods, in particular, dispersion relations and the lattice approach to QCD. The largest part of this review is dedicated to a detailed account of recent efforts to improve the calculation of these two contributions with either a data-driven, dispersive approach, or a first-principle, lattice-QCD approach. The final result reads aμSM = 116 591 810(43) x 10-11 and is smaller than the Brookhaven measurement by 3.7 σ. The experimental uncertainty will soon be reduced by up to a factor four by the new experiment currently running at Fermilab, and also by the future J-PARC experiment. This and the prospects to further reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the near future - which are also discussed here - make this quantity one of the most promising places to look for evidence of new physics.
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| 2. |
- Langefeld, Carl D., et al.
(författare)
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Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (similar to 50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (P < 5 x 10(-8)), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SLE.
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| 3. |
- Seldin, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Amerindian ancestry in Argentina is associated with increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 9:4, s. 389-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have demonstrated that in admixed populations, West African ancestry is associated with an increased prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the current study, the effect of Amerindian ancestry in SLE was examined in an admixed population in Argentina. The Argentine population is predominantly European with approximately 20% Amerindian admixture, and a very small (<2%) contribution from West Africa. The results indicate that Amerindian admixture in this population is associated with a substantial increase in SLE susceptibility risk (Odds Ratio=7.94, P=0.00006). This difference was not due to known demographic factors, including site of collection, age and gender. In addition, there were trends towards significance for Amerindian ancestry influencing renal disease, age of onset and anti-SSA antibodies. These studies suggest that populations with Amerindian admixture, like those with West African admixture, should be considered in future studies to identify additional allelic variants that predispose to SLE.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity but not with antiretroviral antibodies
- 2000
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 9:9, s. 664-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate the relation between serum levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), the activity of an endogenous IFN-alpha inducing factor (SLE-IIF), clinical and immunological disease activity as well as serum levels of antiretroviral antibodies in SLE. Serum levels of IFN-alpha were measured in serial sera from 30 patients sampled at different stages of disease activity (SLEDAI score). The SLE-IIF activity was measured by its ability to induce IFN-alpha production in cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both serum IFN-alpha and SLE-IIF increased markedly at flare in serially followed patients. The SLEDAI score, levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and IL-10 correlated positively, and complement components Clq, C3 and leukocytes correlated inversely with serum concentrations of IFN-alpha. The extent of multiple organ involvement correlated with serum IFN-alpha. No relation between concentrations of retroviral peptide binding antibodies and IFN-alpha or SLE-IIF activity was found. The close relationship between disease activity in SLE patients and IFN-alpha serum levels suggests that activation of the type 1 IFN system might be of importance in the disease process.
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| 5. |
- Bernstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Need for improvements in physical pretreatment of source-separated household food waste.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2456. ; 33:3, s. 746-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency in physical pretreatment processes of source-separated solid organic household waste. The investigation of seventeen Swedish full-scale pretreatment facilities, currently receiving separately collected food waste from household for subsequent anaerobic digestion, shows that problems with the quality of produced biomass and high maintenance costs are common. Four full-scale physical pretreatment plants, three using screwpress technology and one using dispergation technology, were compared in relation to resource efficiency, losses of nitrogen and potential methane production from biodegradable matter as well as the ratio of unwanted materials in produced biomass intended for wet anaerobic digestion. Refuse generated in the processes represent 13-39% of TS in incoming wet waste. The methane yield from these fractions corresponds to 14-36Nm(3)/ton separately collected solid organic household waste. Also, 13-32% of N-tot in incoming food waste is found in refuse. Losses of both biodegradable material and nutrients were larger in the three facilities using screwpress technology compared to the facility using dispersion technology.(1) Thus, there are large potentials for increase of both the methane yield and nutrient recovery from separately collected solid organic household waste through increased efficiency in facilities for physical pretreatment. Improved pretreatment processes could thereby increase the overall environmental benefits from anaerobic digestion as a treatment alternative for solid organic household waste.
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| 6. |
- Gulez, N., et al.
(författare)
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Homozygosity For a Novel Mutation in the C1q C Chain Gene in a Turkish Family With Hereditary C1q Deficiency
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology. - 1698-0808. ; 20:3, s. 255-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary complete deficiency of complement component C1q is associated with a high prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and increased susceptibility to severe recurrent infections. An 11-year-old girl was screened for immunodeficiency due to a history of recurrent meningitis and pneumonia. Immunologic studies revealed absence of classic pathway hemolytic activity and undetectable levels of C1q. Exon-specific amplification of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation at codon 48 in the C1q C gene causing a glycine-to-arginine substitution affecting the collagen-like region of C1q. No changes were seen in the exons of the A and B chains. The mutation affected both the formation and the secretion of C1q variant molecules. We describe a novel mutation in the C1q C chain gene that leads to an interchange in amino acids resulting in absence of C1q in serum.
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| 7. |
- Hamsten, C., et al.
(författare)
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Heat differentiated complement factor profiling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 126, s. 155-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complement components and their cascade of reactions are important defense mechanisms within both innate and adaptive immunity. Many complement deficient patients still remain undiagnosed because of a lack of high throughput screening tools. Aiming towards neonatal proteome screening for immunodeficiencies, we used a multiplex profiling approach with antibody bead arrays to measure 9 complement proteins in serum and dried blood spots. Several complement components have been described as heat sensitive, thus their heat-dependent detectability was investigated. Using sera from 16 patients with complement deficiencies and 23 controls, we confirmed that the proteins C1q, C2, C3, C6, C9 and factor H were positively affected by heating, thus the identification of deficient patients was improved when preheating samples. Measurements of C7, C8 and factor I were negatively affected by heating and non-heated samples should be used in analysis of these components. In addition, a proof of concept study demonstrated the feasibility of labeling eluates from dried blood spots to perform a subsequent correct classification of C2-deficiencies. Our study demonstrates the potential of using multiplexed single binder assays for screening of complement components that open possibilities to expand such analysis to other forms of deficiencies.
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| 8. |
- Jansson, Kjell, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative on line monitoring with intraperitoneal microdialysis is a sensitive clinical method for measuring increased anaerobic metabolism that correlates to the cytokine response
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 39:5, s. 434-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Visceral ischaemia and cytokine release are early stages in the development of shock and multiorgan failure. Because of lack of methods to measure anaerobic metabolism or visceral hypoxia in the early phase, diagnosis is not usually established until shock and organ failure are evident. Methods: Nineteen patients were studied postoperatively after major abdominal gastrointestinal surgery. A microdialysis catheter was placed intraperitoneally before closure of the abdomen. Analysis of glucose, pyruvate and lactate was performed every second hour and the ratio between lactate and pyruvate was calculated. Peritoneal fluid was collected from a peritoneal drainage for analysis of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10). Results: Sixteen of the patients had a normal postoperative course; the lactate/pyruvate ratio started at the level of 20 immediately postoperatively and decreased significantly during the first 45 postoperative hours (P = 0.007). A similar pattern was recorded for peritoneal TNF‐α, which decreased correspondingly (P = 0.003). A correlation coefficient of 0.303 (P < 0.001) between lactate/pyruvate ratio and TNF‐α was found. After an initial short increase, IL‐10 decreased over time (P < 0.001). Three of the patients had abnormalities in the microdialysis results, cytokines and clinical outcome. These patients are presented separately. Conclusions: A normal postoperative course results in a decrease in the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio, TNF‐α and IL‐10. A correlation between the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and TNF‐α was found which suggests that intraperitoneal microdialysis is a sensitive, indirect method in analysing the postoperative intraperitoneal inflammatory response. A complicated postoperative course was preceded by increase of the peritoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio interpreted as splanchnic hypoxia and also an increased TNF‐α level.
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| 9. |
- Johanneson, B, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of genome-scans performed in multicase families with systemic lupus erythematosus from different population groups
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411. ; 13, s. 137-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of unknown etiology. Multiple genetic factors are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In addition, and due to genetic heterogeneity, these factors and/or their combinations may be different in different ethnic groups, while some might be shared between populations. We have performed genome scans in multicase families from three different population groups, two from Northern Europe, with a high degree of homogeneity, and the third from a recently admixed population of Mexican Mestizos. Although our family material is relatively small, the results presented here show that using family sets from well defined populations are sufficient to detect susceptibility loci for SLE. Our results also reveal the chromosomal regions most likely to contain susceptibility genes for SLE.
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| 10. |
- Löfgren, Sara E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic association of miRNA-146a with systemic lupus erythematosus in Europeans through decreased expression of the gene
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 13:3, s. 268-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent genome-wide association study revealed a variant (rs2431697) in an intergenic region, between the pituitary tumor-transforming 1 (PTTG1) and microRNA (miR-146a) genes, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. Here, we analyzed with a case-control design this variant and other candidate polymorphisms in this region together with expression analysis in order to clarify to which gene this association is related. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2431697, rs2910164 and rs2277920 were genotyped by TaqMan assays in 1324 SLE patients and 1453 healthy controls of European ancestry. Genetic association was statistically analyzed using Unphased. Gene expression of PTTG1, the miRNAs miR-3142 and primary and mature forms of miR-146a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Of the three variants analyzed, only rs2431697 was genetically associated with SLE in Europeans. Gene expression analysis revealed that this SNP was not associated with PTTG1 expression levels, but with the microRNA-146a, where the risk allele correlates with lower expression of the miRNA. We replicated the genetic association of rs2341697 with SLE in a case-control study in Europeans and demonstrated that the risk allele of this SNP correlates with a downregulation of the miRNA 146a, potentially important in SLE etiology.
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