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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Tsuruta S.) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Tsuruta S.)

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  • Sugita, S., et al. (författare)
  • The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu : Implications for parent-body processes
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : AAAS. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6437
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Asteroids fall to Earth in the form of meteorites, but these provide little information about their origins. The Japanese mission Hayabusa2 is designed to collect samples directly from the surface of an asteroid and return them to Earth for laboratory analysis. Three papers in this issue describe the Hayabusa2 team's study of the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu, at which the spacecraft arrived in June 2018 (see the Perspective by Wurm). Watanabeet al.measured the asteroid's mass, shape, and density, showing that it is a “rubble pile” of loose rocks, formed into a spinning-top shape during a prior period of rapid spin. They also identified suitable landing sites for sample collection. Kitazatoet al.used near-infrared spectroscopy to find ubiquitous hydrated minerals on the surface and compared Ryugu with known types of carbonaceous meteorite. Sugitaet al.describe Ryugu's geological features and surface colors and combined results from all three papers to constrain the asteroid's formation process. Ryugu probably formed by reaccumulation of rubble ejected by impact from a larger asteroid. These results provide necessary context to understand the samples collected by Hayabusa2, which are expected to arrive on Earth in December 2020.Science, this issue p.268, p.272, p.eaaw0422; see also p.230
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  • Kato, S, et al. (författare)
  • High Ferritin Level and Malnutrition Predict High Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization in Incident Dialysis Patients: A Japanese Prospective Cohort Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 42:1, s. 56-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • <b><i>Aims:</i></b> The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between serum ferritin and infectious risks. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated all hospital admissions due to infections, clinical biomarkers and nutrition status in 129 incident Japanese dialysis patients during a median follow-up of 38 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the period without infections requiring hospitalization was significantly shorter in ferritin > median (82.0 ng/ml) group than in the ferritin < median group (log-rank test 4.44, p = 0.035). High ferritin was associated with significantly increased relative risk of hospitalization for infection (Cox hazard model 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.17). The number of hospitalization days was gradually longer in patients with high ferritin levels and malnutrition. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although serum ferritin levels were low, and doses of iron administered to dialysis patients in Japan are generally lower than in Western countries, an elevated ferritin level was associated with increased risk of infection, particularly in patients with poor nutritional status.
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  • Kato, S, et al. (författare)
  • DNA hypermethylation and inflammatory markers in incident Japanese dialysis patients
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nephron extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5529. ; 2:1, s. 159-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Inflammation is an established mortality risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Although a previous report showed that uremic Caucasian patients with inflammation had signs of global DNA hypermethylation, it is still unknown whether DNA hypermethylation is linked to inflammatory markers including a marker of bacterial infections in Japanese CKD patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 44 consecutive incident dialysis patients (26 males, mean age 59 ± 12 years) without clinical signs of infection, global DNA methylation was evaluated in peripheral blood DNA using the <i>Hpa</i>II<i>/Msp</i>I ratio by the luminometric methylation assay method. A lower ratio of <i>Hpa</i>II<i>/Msp</i>I indicates global DNA hypermethylation. Procalcitonin (PCT), a marker of inflammation due to bacterial infections, was measured using an immunochromatographic assay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The patients were divided into hyper- and hypomethylation groups based on the median value of the <i>Hpa</i>II<i>/Msp</i>I ratio 0.31 (range 0.29–0.37). Whereas patients in the hypermethylation group had higher ferritin levels [133.0 (51.5–247.3) vs. 59.5 (40.0–119.0) ng/ml; p = 0.046], there were no significant differences in age, gender, diabetes, smoking, anemia or serum albumin levels. However, the <i>Hpa</i>II<i>/Msp</i>I ratio showed significant negative correlations with PCT (ρ = –0.32, p = 0.035) and ferritin (ρ = –0.33, p = 0.027) in Spearman’s rank test. In a multiple linear regression analysis, PCT and ferritin were associated with a lower <i>Hpa</i>II<i>/Msp</i>I ratio (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.24, p = 0.013). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this study, global DNA hypermethylation was associated with ferritin and, most likely, PCT, suggesting that inflammation induced by subclinical bacterial infection promoted DNA methylation.
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  • Nakajima, Y., et al. (författare)
  • Approach to 3D dose verification by utilizing autoactivation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 648 (Supplement 1):SUPPL. 1, s. S119-S121
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To evaluate the deposited dose distribution in a target, we have proposed to utilize the annihilation gamma-rays emitted from the positron emitters distributed in the target irradiated with stable heavy-ion beams. Verification of the one dimensional (1-D) dose distributions along and perpendicular to a beam axis was achieved through our previous works. The purpose of this work is to verify 3-D dose distributions. As the first attempt uniform PMMA targets were irradiated in simple rectangular parallelepiped shapes, and the annihilation gamma-rays were detected with a PET scanner. By comparing the detected annihilation gamma-ray distributions with the calculated ones the dose distributions were estimated. As a result the estimated positions of the distal edges of the dose distributions were in agreement with the measured ones within 1 mm. However, the estimated positions of the proximal edges were different from the measured ones by 5-9 mm depending on the thickness of the irradiation filed.
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  • Saunois, Marielle, et al. (författare)
  • The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3516 .- 1866-3508. ; 12:3, s. 1561-1623
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance of CH4 compared to CO2 depends on its shorter atmospheric lifetime, stronger warming potential, and variations in atmospheric growth rate over the past decade, the causes of which are still debated. Two major challenges in reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric growth rate arise from the variety of geographically overlapping CH4 sources and from the destruction of CH4 by short-lived hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium of multidisciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate new research aimed at improving and regularly updating the global methane budget. Following Saunois et al. (2016), we present here the second version of the living review paper dedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-down studies (atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up estimates (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, inventories of anthropogenic emissions, and data-driven extrapolations).For the 2008–2017 decade, global methane emissions are estimated by atmospheric inversions (a top-down approach) to be 576 Tg CH4 yr−1 (range 550–594, corresponding to the minimum and maximum estimates of the model ensemble). Of this total, 359 Tg CH4 yr−1 or ∼ 60 % is attributed to anthropogenic sources, that is emissions caused by direct human activity (i.e. anthropogenic emissions; range 336–376 Tg CH4 yr−1 or 50 %–65 %). The mean annual total emission for the new decade (2008–2017) is 29 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than our estimate for the previous decade (2000–2009), and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than the one reported in the previous budget for 2003–2012 (Saunois et al., 2016). Since 2012, global CH4 emissions have been tracking the warmest scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Bottom-up methods suggest almost 30 % larger global emissions (737 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 594–881) than top-down inversion methods. Indeed, bottom-up estimates for natural sources such as natural wetlands, other inland water systems, and geological sources are higher than top-down estimates. The atmospheric constraints on the top-down budget suggest that at least some of these bottom-up emissions are overestimated. The latitudinal distribution of atmospheric observation-based emissions indicates a predominance of tropical emissions (∼ 65 % of the global budget, < 30∘ N) compared to mid-latitudes (∼ 30 %, 30–60∘ N) and high northern latitudes (∼ 4 %, 60–90∘ N). The most important source of uncertainty in the methane budget is attributable to natural emissions, especially those from wetlands and other inland waters.Some of our global source estimates are smaller than those in previously published budgets (Saunois et al., 2016; Kirschke et al., 2013). In particular wetland emissions are about 35 Tg CH4 yr−1 lower due to improved partition wetlands and other inland waters. Emissions from geological sources and wild animals are also found to be smaller by 7 Tg CH4 yr−1 by 8 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. However, the overall discrepancy between bottom-up and top-down estimates has been reduced by only 5 % compared to Saunois et al. (2016), due to a higher estimate of emissions from inland waters, highlighting the need for more detailed research on emissions factors. Priorities for improving the methane budget include (i) a global, high-resolution map of water-saturated soils and inundated areas emitting methane based on a robust classification of different types of emitting habitats; (ii) further development of process-based models for inland-water emissions; (iii) intensification of methane observations at local scales (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements) and urban-scale monitoring to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scales (surface networks and satellites) to constrain atmospheric inversions; (iv) improvements of transport models and the representation of photochemical sinks in top-down inversions; and (v) development of a 3D variational inversion system using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such as ethane to improve source partitioning.The data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-CH4-2019 (Saunois et al., 2020) and from the Global Carbon Project.
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