| 1. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, 1967-
(författare)
-
Being Born Large for Gestational Age : Metabolic and Epidemiological Studies
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity is a major health problem in the Western world. Mean birth weight has increased during the last 25 years. One explanation is that the proportion of large for gestational age (LGA) infants has increased. Such infants risk developing obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes later in life. Despite the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, their postnatal metabolic adaptation has not been investigated. Our data, obtained with stable isotope labeled compounds, demonstrate that newborn LGA infants have increased lipolysis and decreased insulin sensitivity. After administration of glucagon, the plasma levels of glucose and the rate of glucose production increased. The simultaneous increase in insulin correlated with the decrease in lipolysis, indicating an antilipolytic effect of insulin in these infants.We also demonstrated an intergenerational effect of being born LGA, since women born LGA, were at higher risk of giving birth to LGA infants than women not born LGA. Further, the LGA infants formed three subgroups: born long only, born heavy only, and born both long and heavy. Infants born LGA of women with high birth weight or adult obesity were at higher risk of being LGA concerning weight alone, predisposing to overweight and obesity at childbearing age. In addition we found that pregnant women with gestational diabetes were at increased risk of giving birth to infants that were heavy alone. This could explain the risk of both perinatal complications and later metabolic disease in infants of this group of women.To identify determinants of fetal growth, 20 pregnant women with a wide range of fetal weights were investigated at 36 weeks of gestation. Maternal fat mass was strongly associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was related to glucose production, which correlated positively with fetal size. The variation in resting energy expenditure, which was closely related to fetal weight, was largely explained by BMI, insulin resistance, and glucose production. Lipolysis was not rate limiting for fetal growth in this group of women. Consequently, high maternal glucose production due to a high fat mass may result in excessive fetal growth.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Females born large for gestational age have a doubled risk of giving birth to large for gestational age infants
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:3, s. 358-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To analyse if females born large for gestational age (LGA) have an increased risk to give birth to LGA infants and to study anthropometric characteristics in macrosomic infants of females born LGA.Methods: The investigation was performed as an intergenerational retrospective study of women born between 1973 and 1983, who delivered their first infant between 1989 and 1999. Birth characteristics of 47 783 females, included in the Swedish Birth Register both as newborns and mothers were analysed. LGA was defined as >2 SD in either birth weight or length for gestational age. The infants were divided into three subgroups: born tall only, born heavy only and born both tall and heavy for gestational age. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed.Results: Females, born LGA with regard to length or weight, had a two-fold (adjusted OR 1.96, 95% Cl 1.54-2.48) increased risk to give birth to an LGA infant. Females, born LGA concerning weight only, had a 2.6 (adjusted OR 2.63, 95%, 1.85-3.75) fold increased risk of having an LGA offspring heavy only and no elevated risk of giving birth to an offspring that was tall only, compared to females born not LGA. In addition, maternal obesity was associated with a 2.5 (adjusted OR 2.56, 95%, 2.20-2.98) fold increased risk of having an LGA newborn, compared to mothers with normal weight.Conclusion: Females, born LGA, have an increased risk to give birth to LGA infants, compared to mothers born not LGA. Maternal overweight increases this risk even further.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Gestational diabetes and offspring body disproportion
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:1, s. 89-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: It has been demonstrated that females born large for gestational age (LGA) in weight but not length are at increased risk of being obese at childbearing age. We addressed the question whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of giving birth to such infants. Methods: Birth characteristics of 884 267 infants of non-diabetic mothers and 7817 of mothers with GDM were analysed. LGA was defined as birth weight or birth length > 2 standard deviation scores for gestational age. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for a woman with GDM to give birth to an LGA infant that was heavy alone was four times increased (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 3.41-4.04). Furthermore, in the population of mothers giving birth to LGA infants, the proportion heavy alone was 68% in the group of women with GDM compared with 64.4% in the group of non-diabetic women. The risks were independent of gender of the foetus. Conclusion: Women with GDM have an almost four times higher risk of delivering an LGA infant that is heavy alone. The noted disproportion between weight and length in infants of such mothers may have an impact on the risk of later obesity.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
