| 1. |
- Elfaitouri, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Recent enterovirus infection in type 1 diabetes : evidence with a novel IgM method
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 79:12, s. 1861-1867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterovirus (EV) infection has been associated with Type 1 (T1D) diabetes and on a few occasions virus could be isolated at onset of the disease. Using two such isolates as antigens in a quantitative PCR enhanced immunoassay (T1D-EV-QPIA) we have measured IgM antibodies against such potentially diabetogenic viruses in serum from 33 newly diagnosed T1D children, 24 siblings, and 27 healthy children. Sera were also analysed with regard to autoantibodies against GAD65, the cytokine TNF-alpha and the chemokine IP-10. EV-RNA detection was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IgM antibodies against this "new" EV antigen were more frequent in serum from T1D children than in serum from siblings and/or controls (P < 0.001). EV-RNA was detected more frequently in PBMC from T1D children than in healthy control children (P < 0.001) and also compared to the siblings (P < 0.003). The cytokine TNF-alpha was less frequently detected in serum from the T1D children compared with serum from siblings and/controls (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the results obtained with the T1D-EV-QPIA and the EV-PCR (P < 0.001). These findings are in line with earlier findings of an increased frequency of enteroviral infections in newly diagnosed T1D patients. In addition, we found that T1D children at onset of the disease had lower frequencies of the chemokine TNF-alpha in their serum than age- and sex-matched controls had, suggesting an impaired immune response.
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| 3. |
- Yin, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Enterovirus RNA is found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a majority of type 1 diabetic children at onset
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 51:6, s. 1964-1971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the occurrence of enterovirus (EV)-RNA at the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes in all 24 new cases of childhood type 1 diabetes during 1 year in Uppsala county, Sweden. We also studied 24 matched control subjects and 20 siblings of the patients. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and EV-RNA detected by RT-PCR. Primers (groups A and B) corresponding to conserved regions in the 5' noncoding region (NCR) of EV were used in the PCRs, and the amplicons were sequenced. By the use of group A primers, EV-RNA was found in 12 (50%) of the 24 type 1 diabetic children, 5 (26%) of 19 siblings, and none of the control subjects. Both patients and siblings showed a higher frequency of EV-RNA compared with the control subjects. The group B primers detected EV-RNA in all three groups but did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. The EV-RNA positivity with the group B primers was 11 (46%) of 24 in the type 1 diabetic children, 11 (58%) of 19 in the siblings, and 7 (29%) of 24 in the control subjects. The significant difference between groups seen with the group A primers but not with the group B primers might indicate the existence of diabetogenic EV strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products revealed clustering of the sequences from patients and siblings into five major branches when the group A PCR primers were used. With the group B primers, the sequences from patients, siblings, and control subjects formed three major branches in the phylogenetic tree, where 6 of the 7 control subjects clustered together in a sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Seven of the type 1 diabetic children clustered together in another sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Five of the type 1 diabetic children formed a branch together with the CBV-4/E2 strain, four clustered together with CBV-5, and one formed a branch with echovirus serotype. The presence of EV-RNA in the blood cells of most newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children supports the hypothesis that a viral infection acts as an exogenous factor. In addition, sequencing of the PCR amplicons from the type 1 diabetic children, their siblings, and matched control subjects might reveal differences related to diabetogenic properties of such a virus.
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