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- Batool, Atika, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of Polyoxometalates-Ionic Liquids@Fe3O4@SiO2 composites for the extraction of atrazine and deltamethrin pesticides residues from food samples and their determination by HPLC
- 2024
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In: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 200
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The excessive use of pesticides in food production has adverse effects on both the environment and human health. In the present study, atrazine and deltamethrin were employed as pesticides in the cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, and brinjal. The HPLC method was utilized for thesimultaneous determination of these two pesticides, employing a cleanup approach based on polyoxometalates (POMs)ionic liquids magnetic nanocompositesCuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. These magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized and subjected to comprehensive characterization using various analytical techniques, including fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction(P-XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology. Thedispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method was effectively employed for the extraction of pesticidesresidues using CuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. Under the optimized conditions, the linear concentration ranges for atrazine and deltamethrin were found to be 0.01–100.0 µg/L and 0.05–100 µg/L, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for both compounds was notably high at 0.997 and 0.994, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.01 µg/L to 0.05 µg/L, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) fell within the range of 5.1 % to 7.2 %. Ultimately, the method's performance in various food samples was assessed, resulting in satisfactory recoveries ranging from 80.9 % to 98.6 %.
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- Tran, K. B., et al.
(author)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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In: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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- Ali, Zafar, et al.
(author)
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Homozygous GRID2 missense mutation predicts a shift in the D-serine binding domain of GluD2 in a case with generalized brain atrophy and unusual clinical features
- 2017
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In: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Spinocerebellar ataxias comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders that may present with isolated ataxia, or ataxia in combination with other neurologic or non-neurologic symptoms. Monoallelic or biallelic GRID2 mutations were recently reported in rare cases with cerebellar syndrome and variable degree of ataxia, ocular symptoms, hypotonia and developmental delay.CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive childhood onset of slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia and delayed psychomotor development in three siblings. MRI of an adult and affected family member revealed slightly widened cerebral and cerebellar sulci, suggesting generalized brain atrophy, and mild cerebellar atrophy. Using whole exome sequencing we identified a novel homozygous missense variant [c.2128C > T, p.(Arg710Trp)] in GRID2 that segregates with the disease. The missense variant is located in a conserved region encoding the extracellular serine-binding domain of the GluD2 protein and predicts a change in conformation of the protein.CONCLUSION: The widespread supratentorial brain abnormalities, absence of oculomotor symptoms, increased peripheral muscle tone and the novel missense mutation add to the clinical and genetic variability in GRID2 associated cerebellar syndrome. The neuroradiological findings in our family indicate a generalized neurodegenerative process to be taken into account in other families segregating complex clinical features and GRID2 mutations.
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- Beck, Olof, et al.
(author)
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First evaluation of the possibility of testing for drugged driving using exhaled breath sampling
- 2019
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In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 20:3, s. 238-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs causes an increased risk for accidents. In combating this, sobriety tests at the roadside are common practice in most countries. Sampling of blood and urine for forensic investigation cannot be done at the roadside and poses practical problems associated with costs and time. An alternative specimen for roadside testing is therefore warranted and the aerosol particles in exhaled breath are one such alternative.Methods: The present study investigated how the exhaled breath sample compared with the routine legal investigations of blood and urine collected from suspects of drugged driving at 2 locations in Sweden. Exhaled breath was collected using a simple filter collection device and analyzed with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technique.Results: The total number of cases used for this investigation was 67. In 54 of these cases (81%) the results regarding a positive or negative drug test result agreed and in 13 they disagreed. Out of these, the report from the forensic investigation of blood/urine was negative in 21 cases. In 6 of these, analytical findings were made in exhaled breath and these cases were dominated by the detection of amphetamine. In 7 cases a positive drug test from the forensic investigation was not observed in the breath sample and these cases were dominated by detection of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood. In total, 45 samples were positive with breath testing and the number of positives with established forensic methods was 46.Conclusion: The promising results from this study provide support to exhaled breath as a viable specimen for testing of drugged driving. The rapid, easy, and convenient sampling procedure offers the possibility to collect a drug test specimen at the roadside. The analytical investigation must be done in a laboratory at present because of the need for a highly sensitive instrument, which is already in use in forensic laboratories. The analytical work is not more challenging than for blood or oral fluid and should not cause an increase in cost. However, more studies need to be done before exhaled breath drug testing can be applied routinely for drugged driving investigation.
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