| 1. |
- Vallberg Roth, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Flerstämmig undervisning i förskola : Flerstämmig didaktisk modellering
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten baseras på forskningsdelen i ett forsknings- och utvecklingsprogram som syftar till att, i samverkan mellan förskollärare, ledare och forskare, beskriva och vidareutveckla kunskap om vad som kan känneteckna undervisning i förskola. Undervisning studeras i relation till vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet. Forskningsdelen genomförs i mellan 40 till 44 förskolor/avdelningar belägna i åtta svenska kommuner, mellan åren 2018 och 2021. Sammantaget har 10 671 personer samtyckt att medverka i forskningsdelen av programmet, varav 8 447 barn/vårdnadshavare och 2 224 förskollärare, barnskötare, rektorer, biträdande rektorer, chefer och övriga. Metoden kan beskrivas i termer av en ”praxiografisk samverkansmetod” som avser analys av registrerad praktik. Designen utgörs av parallella och prövande serier av teoriinformerade undervisningsupplägg där didaktik kombinerats med olika innehålls- och lärandeinriktningar. I samverkansforskningen inkluderas didaktiskt, variationsteoretiskt, poststrukturellt och pragmatiskt informerat undervisningsupplägg. Vidare inkluderar undervisningsuppläggen teorier med anknytning till innehåll, såsom musik och digital teknik, matematik och programmering, naturvetenskap, däribland kemi, samt rörelse, hälsa och hållbarhet. Materialet består av 473 samplaneringar, 444 samvärderingar och 35,5 filmtimmar från genomförd undervisning. Analysen är didaktiskt orienterad och kan beskrivas i termer av abduktiv analys – en strategi för att kunna sluta sig till en nyanserad praktikteoretisk tolkning av vad som kan känneteckna undervisning i förskola. Resultatet indikerar flerstämmiga spår relaterade till didaktiska modeller i de teoriinformerade undervisningsuppläggen. Sammantaget fogas analysen samman och prövas i en kommunicerbar helhet genom konceptet ”flerstämmig didaktisk modellering”. Konceptuell replikering och upprepning av prövandet av konceptet i två FoU-program har inneburit att vi rört oss från en relativt vag aning om vad det kunde innebära till en allt tydligare och precisare innebörd genom framväxt av modeller och begrepp i relation till alltmer tillförlitliga forskningsresultat. Utfall i skriftliga frågor om undervisning, organisation, ledarskap och sambedömning, åren 2018 och 2021, tyder på delvis utvidgat och preciserat yrkesspråk, med spår av ett utvecklat professionellt och didaktiskt omdöme, inkluderat spår av flerstämmiga vetenskapliga grunder och beprövade erfarenheter. Sammantaget kan samverkansforskningens kunskapsutvecklande bidrag beskrivas i termer av teoriinformerad praktikutveckling och praktikgrundad koncept- och teoriutveckling. Forskningen presenteras också på följande websidor: https://mau.se/forskning/projekt/flerstammig-didaktisk-modellering/ https://www.ifous.se/flerstammig-undervisning-i-forskolan/
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| 2. |
- Alasuutari, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment and documentation in early childhood education
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapters of this book study documentation and assessment from three perspectives: considering them as issues of curricula and pedagogy and as tasks of an educator; studying them as negotiations on and about the child; and examining them as actions on and of parents. The book is divided into different sections according to these perspectives. The first section ‘A view on curricula, didaktik and teachers’ includes three chapters. Chapter 2, ‘Assessment and documentation in the ECE curriculum - focus on the Nordic tradition’ discusses the basis of documentation and assessment in early education, the curriculum. Since it focuses on the Nordic curricula, it also illuminates the broader frame that the examinations of the following chapters are embedded in. The Nordic tradition of curriculum design emphasizes children’s performance and defines goals to strive for without specifying the objects of achievement. The other tradition to curricula design presented in the chapter, the Anglo-Saxon tradition, is characterized by the focus on the individual and by detailed formulations of goals to achieve for different age categories. The chapter discusses the contradictory tendencies of de- and re-centralization in the Nordic curricula, evident for example in the regulations and directions concerning documentation and assessment. It also argues that we can recognize a movement towards the Anglo-Saxon tradition of curriculum design in the Nordic countries. Chapter 3 ‘Different Forms of Documentation and Assessment in ECE’ familiarizes the reader with the documentation practices of Nordic early education at the grass root level. Drawing on a case study of three Swedish preschools, it illuminates the types of documentation tools that are applied in ECE. It proposes that the documentation practices can best be characterized by the term multi-documentation. The examination of the multi-documentation shows how the documentation tools comprise different forms of assessment, ranging from developmental-psychological, narrative and activity oriented assessments to self- and personality assessments. Finally, the chapter raises questions about in what sense the documentation and assessment practices are about empowering, supporting, and strengthening children, parents and professionals and in what sense they can weaken, mislead, and constrain the different actors. The fourth chapter, which ends the first part of the book, ‘Teachers in intensified assessment and documentation practices - a didaktik approach’ builds on the previous chapter and considers documentation and assessment practices and teachers’ role in them from the view of the reflective, Continental approach of didaktik. It approaches documents as co-actors in educational processes on focuses on the following questions regarding it: why (the function), who (subjects/actors), what (the content) and how (the form). The chapter introduces the concept of transformative assessment as a boundary object between different forms and functions of assessment and between micro-, meso- and macro-level actors of assessment and documentation practices. The preschool teachers’ role can be described as trans-actors in the transformative multi-documentation and assessment. The second part of the book, ‘Auditing the child’ with its two chapters will move the focus to the social study of childhood and consider the notions of the child in documentation and assessment from two different starting points. Chapter 5, ‘Documentation and listening to the children’, begins its discussion from a common understanding of child documentation as a means to give children a ‘voice’. By drawing on empirical data from parent-teacher discussions considering children’s responses to specific questions, the chapter problematizes this notion. It argues that despite of its benevolent aims, listening to children through documentation is constrained by and deeply embedded in, institutional and generational practices and assumptions about professionalism in ECE. Consequently, the child’s view can be ‘lost in translation’. Chapter 6, ‘The normal child’, continues the discussion about the notions of the child by inviting the reader to consider how documentation and assessment practices produce normative ideas about the child and how these ideas are intertwined with the social order of the ECE institution. This order both controls and empowers the institutional actors in different ways. The chapter illustrates how the ‘ordinary’ or ‘normal’ child is produced in written documentation and in the intertwinement of text and talk. It also illuminates how the assessments and the normative function of documentation are predominantly implicit and actualized, especially, when the child shows ‘resistance’ of the system of ECE or otherwise departs from its expectations. The third part of the book positions ‘Parenthood on focus’ and consists of two chapters. Chapter 7, ‘The governance and pedagogicalization of parents’, highlights the demands on parents in the documentalized practices used to establish collaboration between home and ECE. It considers practices and tools that are used to involve parents in the assessment and documentation of their child and the family. Through them, the parents are expected to embrace the ideas and discourses of the ECE institution. Furthermore, the documentalized practices yield unspoken expectations about how the parents should support their child in lifelong learning and how they can meet the institutional norms of good parenting. Chapter 8, ‘Parenthood between offline and online – about assessment and documentation’ draws on a ‘netnographic’ research on what parents write about assessment and documentation of children on Internet sites. In the discussions parents are free from the institutional constraints that are evident, for example, in parent-teacher meetings. The chapter considers whose interests seem to be involved in the discussions and who is assessing whom. Moreover, it considers in what ways the discussions can be seen both as empowering and constraining parenthood. The final chapter, ‘Conclusion: Dilemmas of documentation’, ties together the key points of the preceding chapters by discussing the ‘junction’ of discourses and contradictory tendencies that are embedded in the assessment and documentation practices of Nordic ECE, regarding children, parents, and professionals. The chapter illuminates the different fields of the contradictory discourses by a multi-dimensional model of the steering of assessment and documentation and proposes the concept of ‘documentalized childhood’ as capturing the function of the steering in the transnational context of contemporary ECE.
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| 3. |
- Westemar, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunikation och delaktighet i förskolan
- 2024
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Ingår i: Undervisning i förskolan. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144162140 ; , s. 39-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Elfström Pettersson, Katarina
(författare)
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Playing a part in preschool documentation : A study of how participation is enacted in preschool documentation practices and how it is affected by material agents
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study is to explore how children’s participation is constructed and enacted in preschool documentation and what kinds of activities evolve between teachers, children and material objects in preschool documentation practices. The study is based on videorecorded observations of teachers and children documenting different preschool activities in two preschool groups. The video observations are analysed using theoretical perspectives on power relations, governmentality, documentality and agentic realism. The results are presented in two research articles. The results show the complexity of children’s participation in preschool documentation practice. In the first article two different documentation methods, with different theoretical underpinnings, were used in the preschool: portfolio and pedagogical documentation. The results show that, regardless of documentation method, children’s participation varied from attendance to involvement and influence, which can be seen as two ends of a power relation. Power relations between teachers and children also varied between situations as well as within individual situations. The result of the second article shows that children’s participation in preschool documentation practices, as well as the documentation itself, was affected and controlled not only by the humans present, but also by different material agents, such as photos and colour-coded labels. Taking material agents into account allows for a broader understanding of documentation practices, which in turn could open up for new forms of children’s participation in preschool documentation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Rubinstein Reich, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Att stärka den vetenskapliga grunden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Professionell yrkesutövning i förskola. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144112596 ; , s. 99-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna del av antologin "Professionell yrkesutövning i förskolan. Kontinuitet och förändring" behandlas begreppen vetenskaplig grund och vetenskapligt förhållningssätt. Senare års styrdokument för förskola och skola, liksom för lärarutbildning, framhåller vikten av att den vetenskapliga grunden stärks, och att verksamheten/utbildningen forskningsbaseras Efter inledande kapitel om de centrala begreppen så redovisas i två kapitel exempel på forskning om den svenska förskolan från åren 2008-2014. En professions- och praktiknära forskning har utvecklats allt mer de senare åren, genom framför allt forskande förskollärare/lärare och lärarutbildare.
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| 8. |
- Sjöström, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of science teaching in preschool
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper focuses on characteristics of science teaching in Swedish preschools in 2018. Science in general is in focus, but a special interest is put on what may characterize chemistry teaching in preschool. The study is part of a much broader R&D programme where in total almost three hundred preschool teachers/managers collaborate with a researcher group to which we belong. The participants (N=177) were asked to answer a question in an e-mail-questionnaire about their views on science/chemistry teaching in preschool. On average a participant answered with 30 words, but obviously there was a big span, from 1 to 444 words in a single answer. In the word material (consisting of about 5400 words in total) we looked for common and prominent words, words used only low-frequently or not at all, and other patterns. We identified eighteen words that were used about 30 times or more. Among these words are: experiment, water, animal, plant, nature, forest, explore, examine, phenomenon, and baking. Low frequently used words were categorized in seven categories, among them chemistry. The words atom, molecule and particle could not at all be found in the word material. More qualitatively we also looked for patterns/traces based on the main three didactic questions: Why? What? and How?. Statements from the preschool teachers/managers were categorized in seven categories. In the presentation we will also relate science/chemistry teaching in preschool to more general theories and discussion on what may characterize teaching in preschool.
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| 9. |
- Sjöström, Jesper, Professor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Didaktik models as a bridge between theories and teaching practice
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Didaktik models may look different, but have in common that they support teachers when reflecting on, answering and/or are practicing teaching based on the didactic questions: why, what, and how to teach a certain content for a certain group of learning subjects (e.g. Lunde & Sjöström, 2021; Sjöström, 2019a; Vallberg Roth et al., 2021). Didaktik models are useful in both planning and evaluation of teaching as well as in-action, and constitute the basis for teachers’ professional judgment and reflection. How can we better understand what Didaktik models are, different types and their usability in different contexts? And how can we better understand the concept of “didactic modelling” both in terms of research and teaching praxis? This latter concept can be given both the meaning of working systematically with Didaktik models in teaching practice as well as in didactic (collaboration) research, both theoretically and empirically (Sjöström, 2019a). Therefore, we propose a multidimensional understanding of didactic modelling based on a humanistic, Bildung-oriented, Didaktik-tradition (Hopmann, 2007). Examples will especially be given from the collaboration-research-project, Fundif (scientific leader: Ann-Christine Vallberg Roth), which is about teaching in preschool and has been going on 2018-2021 (Vallberg Roth et al., 2021). Several different examples will be given on Didaktik models, for example from Fundif. Also a new model for how Didaktik models can be understood as a bridge between (educational) theories and teaching practice will be presented. Often used synonyms for Didaktik models are tools, instruments, frameworks, compasses and thought figures. It is common with illustrated models, but also with such that are only described with words or presented in a table. Didaktik models often has both a theoretical-philosophical grounding and an empirical-analytical one. Examples of Didaktik models are: didactic questions, Klafki's questions, the Berliner model, didactic triangles, didactic relationship models, Herbart’s didactic tact, Schwab's degrees of freedom, organizing purposes and knowledge emphases (e.g. Lunde & Sjöström, 2021; Sjöström, 2019a; Vallberg Roth et al., 2021; Wickman et al., 2020). Also some content/discipline-specific Didaktik models will be described, mainly related to chemistry and sustainability issues (e.g. Sjöström, 2019b; Sjöström, Eilks & Talanquer, 2020; Herranen, Yavuzkaya & Sjöström, 2021).
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| 10. |
- Sjöström, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Didaktisk modellering av naturvetenskap, däribland kemi, i förskolan
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Didaktiska modeller är en central del av didaktiken och innebär teoretiska redskap som lärare kan använda sig av vid planering, genomförande och/eller analys av undervisning. Didaktisk modellering innebär att arbeta systematiskt med didaktiska modeller i praktiken. Under tre år pågår samverkansprojektet Flerstämmig didaktisk modellering?: Undervisning och sambedömning i förskola. Det genomförs i samverkan mellan det fristående institutet Ifous, åtta svenska kommuner och Malmö universitet. Projektet syftar till att, i samverkan mellan verksamma förskollärare, förskolechefer och forskare, vidareutveckla kunskap om vad som kan känneteckna undervisning i relation till vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet i de samverkande 45 förskolorna/avdelningarna. Under FobasNT19 kommer vi huvudsakligen att presentera resultat och analys utifrån en delstudie av vad förskollärare och -chefer menar kan karaktärisera undervisning av naturvetenskap, däribland kemi, i förskolan. Deltagarna (N = 177) fick under sensommaren 2018 besvara ett frågeformulär med en fråga om sin syn på undervisning av naturvetenskap/kemi i förskolan. I materialet sökte vi efter vanliga ord och ord som används lågfrekvent samt efter utmärkande mönster. Ordet ”experiment” var mycket vanligt och nämndes av mer än hälften av deltagarna. Totalt identifierade vi 18 ord som användes högfrekvent. Bland dessa fanns: vatten, djur, växt, natur, skog, material, utforska, undersöka, fenomen och bakning. Kvalitativt analyserade vi mönster och spår baserat på de didaktiska frågorna. Under konferensen kommer vi att berätta om ”utmärkande spår” och ge exempel på formuleringar. Vi kommer även att beröra hur delstudiens resultat kan användas som en (av flera) utgångspunkt(er) vid didaktisk modellering.
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