| 1. |
- Muhammad Marizwan Abdul Manan, Muhammad Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Associated with Motorcyclists’ Speed Behaviour on Malaysian Roads.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 50, s. 109-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research uses data from observations of 8277 motorcyclists at various types of roads of the road hierarchy in Malaysia in 2015, to investigate the effects of road characteristics, motorcyclists’ riding behaviour, motorcyclists’ and motorcycles’ characteristics on the occurrence of riding with excessive speed. For data collection and analysis, new software, i.e. MECHROM, was developed. The speed analysis shows that motorcyclists go faster than other vehicles on dual carriageway primary roads with three-lanes and dual carriageway collector roads with four-lanes. In general, 42.2% of the observed motorcycles exceed the speed limit and 28.6% of them go beyond the 85th percentile of the traffic speed. In determining the factors associated with motorcyclists riding with excessive speed, a mixed effect logistic regression model was produced, with three levels statistically significant random effect parameters. The fixed parameters factors are: primary road, roads with no shoulder, motorcycles with engine capacity of more than 150cc, not overloaded motorcycle, bright motorcycle, male rider, wears helmet and shoes, riding in the middle of the lane or shoulder, lane splitting (i.e. passing through in between two vehicles) and weaving between vehicles. The random parameters show that the majority of variation in the outcomes (56.5%) occurs at level 1 (the rider), while 12.2% of variation occurs at level 2 (motorcycle), and 31.2% at level 3 (location). The variations indicate that the motorcyclist’s characteristics and riding behaviour are of importance, while the variable “type of motorcycle” clearly indicates that riding with excessive speed occurs regardless of the type of motorcycle.
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| 2. |
- Abdul Manan, Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a safety performance function for motorcycle accident fatalities on Malaysian primary roads
- 2013
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 60, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses a generalized linear model approach, i.e. negative binomial regression, to develop a predictive model for motorcycle fatal accidents on Malaysian primary roads. For the modeling process, a huge data inventory has been carried out, integrating the road geometry features, fatal accident records and traffic censuses from 3 selected states for the past 3-year period. The results show that motorcycle fatalities per kilometer on primary roads are statistically significantly affected by the average daily number of motorcycles and the number of access points per kilometer. The model established for this study can also be regarded as the first motorcycle safety performance function in Malaysia and probably in Asia. Also noted in this study is the need to establish a proper and systematic road geometry and traffic census inventory in order to develop better accident prediction models for Malaysia in the future. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abdul Manan, Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of motorcyclists’ behavior at access points of a Malaysian primary road – A qualitative observation study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 74:April, s. 172-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of motorcycle accident fatalities in Malaysia occur on primary roads, especially at access points situated along straight road sections. To explore the behavioral factors that may contribute to motorcyclists being involved in hazardous situations at these locations and to develop working hypotheses for a consecutive quantitative study, a qualitative observational study was carried out. Six subject riders exiting from the access point of a primary road were observed. The observations were narrated in detail and coding was used as a means to analyze the observations and divide (and sub-divide) them into categories, which were then segregated into themes. The results of the study produced a number of hypotheses based on various combination themes, i.e. background condition, motorcyclists’ behavior before exit, motorcyclists’ behavior during exit, and involvement in serious traffic conflicts. The newly developed hypotheses from this study are presented and discussed; they are put forward to be tested in a consecutive quantitative observational study. This study also presents novelty in terms of applying a qualitative observational study on motorcyclists, which can be easily adopted not only for Malaysian researches but also all countries that face similar motorcycle problems at access points or junctions.
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| 4. |
- Abdul Manan, Muhammad Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia
- 2018
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Ingår i: IATSS Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0386-1112. ; 42:4, s. 207-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to determine risk factors contributing to traffic crashes in 9,176 fatal cases involving motorcycle in Malaysia between 2010 and 2012. For this purpose, both multinomial and mixed models of motorcycle fatal crash outcome based on the number of vehicle involved are estimated. The corresponding model predicts the probability of three fatal crash outcomes: motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crash, motorcycle fatal crash involving another vehicle and motorcycle fatal crash involving two or more vehicles. Several road characteristic and environmental factors are considered including type of road in the hierarchy, location, road geometry, posted speed limit, road marking type, lighting, time of day and weather conditions during the fatal crash. The estimation results suggest that curve road sections, no road marking, smooth, rut and corrugation of road surface and wee hours, i.e. between 00.00. am to 6. am, increase the probability of motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crashes. As for the motorcycle fatal crashes involving multiple vehicles, factors such as expressway, primary and secondary roads, speed limit more than 70. km/h, roads with non-permissible marking, i.e. double lane line and daylight condition are found to cause an increase the probability of their occurrence. The estimation results also suggest that time of day (between 7. pm to 12. pm) has an increasing impact on the probability of motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crashes and motorcycle fatal crashes involving two or more vehicles. Whilst the multinomial logit model was found as more parsimonious, the mixed logit model is likely to capture the unobserved heterogeneity in fatal motorcycle crashes based on the number of vehicles involved due to the underreporting data with two random effect parameters including 70. km/h speed limit and double lane line road marking.
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| 5. |
- Abdul Manan, Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Motorcycle fatalities in Malaysia
- 2012
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Ingår i: IATSS Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0386-1112. ; 36:1, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaysia has the highest road fatality risk (per 100,000 population) among the ASEAN countries and more than 50% of the road accident fatalities involve motorcyclists. This study has collected and analysed data from the police, government authorities, and national and international research institutes. Only fatality data are used due to the severe underreporting of severe injuries (up to 600%) and slight injuries (up to 1400%). The analysis reveals that the highest numbers of motorcycle fatalities occur in rural locations (61%), on primary roads (62%) and on straight road sections (66%). The majority are riders (89%), 16 to 20 years old (22.5%), and 90% of the motorcycles are privately owned. Of those involved in fatal accidents, 75% of the motorcyclists wear helmets, and 35% do not have proper licences. The highest number of fatalities by type of collision is ‘angular or side’ (27.5%). Although fatal motorcyclist crashes mostly involve ‘passenger cars’ (28%), motorcyclists are responsible for 50% of the collisions either by crashing singly (25%) or with other motorcyclists (25%). While male motorcyclists predominate (94% of fatalities), female motorcyclists aged 31 to 70, possessing ‘no licence’, not wearing helmets and travelling during the day, account for a higher percentage than male motorcyclists. Malaysia must acquire more motorcycle exposure data and establish an injury recording system and database based on hospital-records. To reduce motorcycle fatalities, it first has to understand why young male motorcyclists are prone to fatal crashes in the evenings and on weekends on rural primary roads, especially on straight road sections.
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| 6. |
- Abdul Manan, Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Motorcyclists’ road safety related behavior along primary roads in Malaysia – a case study
- 2014
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Ingår i: ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Majority of Malaysian motorcycle fatalities have occurred along straight road sections, which are mostly two-lane undivided roads with several small junctions or access points. In order to gain more insight into the actual road traffic situation and the course of events on these sites because, an observational and traffic conflict study, focusing on motorcyclists, was conducted by the author between June and August 2012 on straight road sections that has access points along primary roads in Malaysia. Our speed analysis showed that the majority of the motorcyclists traveled below the speed limit and had a lower speed when approaching the access point, especially when road users were on it. However, when the primary road traffic volume was high, they maintained higher speeds compared to other vehicles. The percentage of motorcyclists that did not slow down while approaching the access point was higher on the nearside to the access point approach, especially when they were travelling near the shoulder, and when there is a vehicle waiting on the approach of the access point. Our conflict study has shown that motorcyclists entering from the access point are involved in serious traffic conflicts with mainly motorcycles and heavy vehicles, to about the same extent as other vehicles entering the primary road.
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| 7. |
- Abdul Manan, Marizwan, et al.
(författare)
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Motorcyclists’ road safety related behavior at access points on primary roads in Malaysia – A case study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 77:August, s. 80-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An observational study, focusing on motorcyclists, was conducted between June and August 2012 at access points on straight road sections of primary roads in Malaysia. This was done in order to gain more insight into the actual road traffic situation at these sites. The majority of the motorcyclists kept to the speed limit and lowered speed when approaching an access point, especially when road users were on it. However, when the primary road traffic volume was high, they maintained higher speeds compared to other vehicles. The behavioral observations revealed a risky right turning movement, i.e. Opposite Indirect Right Turn (OIRT), from the access point into the primary road. Motorcyclists generally had a high compliance rate of helmet (except for female motorcyclists) and headlight usage. Motorcyclists attempting to enter the primary road were poor at utilizing the turning indicator. They were observed not to turn their heads to look for vehicles when entering a road with a low volume of traffic, compared to entering a road with a high volume of traffic. Most of the motorcyclists did not comply with the stop line rule, especially those who made the OIRT. Motorcyclists entering from the access point are involved in serious traffic conflicts to about the same extent as other vehicles. Moreover, motorcyclists who stopped at the stop line and made a right turn into the primary road by accepting a short gap, resulting in a time lag of less than 4 s, were involved in the majority of the serious conflicts.
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