| 1. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory and haptic systems for in-car speed management – A comparative real life study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 11:6, s. 445-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field experiments with ISA (intelligent speed adaptation) were carried out in Hungary and Spain in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Twenty private vehicles in each country were equipped with two kinds of systems: (1) support via an active accelerator pedal (AAP) and (2) warning via beep signals and a flashing red light when the speed limit was exceeded (BEEP). The test drivers drove for a month with both systems installed in each car. Speed was continually logged in all the vehicles and the test drivers were interviewed about their acceptance and experiences of the systems. The results show that both systems reduced the mean and 85 percentile speeds, but that the AAP was more effective. There was no long-lasting effect on speeds when the systems were removed. After the trial half of the drivers were willing to keep an ISA system, but more drivers wanted to keep the BEEP-system even though it showed lower satisfaction ratings than the AAP. The results indicate no major differences between the countries despite the workload being perceived to be higher in Hungary than in Spain.
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| 2. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Field trials with ISA in Hungary and Spain
- 2004
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of the European project, PROSPER, field experiments with ISA (Intelligent Speed Adaptation) were carried out in Hungary and Spain. Twenty vehicles in each country were equipped with two kinds of ISA systems: 1) warning via an active accelerator pedal and 2) warning via beep signals and flashing red light when exceeding the speed limit. Both systems are based on a GPS receiver and a digital map with speed limits. Speed was continually logged in all vehicles and the test drivers were interviewed. The effects of the systems will be presented at the congress.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Draskóczy, Magdolna, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of active accelerator pedal in cars – Results from a large scale trial with intelligent speed adaptation.
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of the Swedish national trial with Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas, the effects of large scale use of “active accelerator” were evaluated. 284 cars were equipped with the system for a period of 5-11 months in the city of Lund. The driving data of all equipped vehicles were logged with regard to time and speed, both before and after activating the system. Driver behaviour were studied with the help of an instrumented vehicle. Possible system effects, such as speeds, interactions with other road-users and driving against red were studied in the field. Possible changes in driver attitudes and acceptance were studied by interviews. The results revealed that test drivers’ compliance with the speed limits increased and practically no negative compensatory effects could be found.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hjälmdahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary results from A Large Scale Trial with Intelligent Speed Adaptation in Lund, Sweden.
- 2001
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of the Swedish national trial with Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas, 225 cars are equipped with an active gas pedal for a period of 10 months in the city of Lund. In order to evaluate the systems a number of studies are being carried out. The driving data of all equipped vehicles is logged with regard to time and speed, both before and after activating the system. Driver behaviour and workload is studied with the help of an instrumented vehicle. Possible system effects, such as speeds, interactions with other road-users and driving against red are studied in the field. Possible changes in driver attitudes and acceptance are studied by interviews.
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| 8. |
- Hjälmdahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Speed regulation by in-car active accelerator pedal – Effects on driver behaviour
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 7:2, s. 77-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long term effects of driving with an active accelerator pedal (AAP) on driver behaviour was studied by using an in car observation method. The AAP produced a counterforce in the accelerator pedal when the speed limit was reached, it could however be overridden by pressing the accelerator pedal harder. Twenty-eight drivers were studied when driving without the AAP and then when driving with the AAP after they had used the system in their own cars for at least six months. The results showed that the behaviour towards other road users improved, they had a correct yielding behaviour to a higher degree and were more likely to give pedestrians the right of way at zebra crossings when driving with the AAP. It was also found that the headway to the vehicle in front increased slightly with the system. There were also signs of negative behavioural modifications in the form of drivers forgetting to adapt their speed to the speed limit or the prevailing traffic situation when they were not supported by the AAP. These effects, however, were statistically not significant.
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| 9. |
- Hjälmdahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Speed Regulation by in-car active Accelerator pedal – effects on speed and speed distribution
- 2002
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Ingår i: IATSS Research. - 0386-1112. ; , s. 60-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects on speeds and speed distribution were studied in a large scale field trial with an in car system for speed adaptation in the city of Lund, Sweden. In the trial 290 vehicles were equipped with an "active accelerator pedal" and data logger for a period of 3-11 months. Data was logged in each test vehicle during the whole trial and was analyzed for 3 one-month periods: Before activating the system, after short time use and after long time use. The results showed significant reductions in the speed level. Speeds on stretches decreased statistically significantly (p<0.05) at 60 out of 69 observed sections. The effects were largest on arterial roads, at mid-block sections, where the prevailing traffic conditions and street design allows higher speeds. The standard deviation decreased on all arterial roads, mainly due to the decrease in speed of the fastest vehicles but there is also an effect from an increase in speed of the slowest vehicles. On streets with mixed traffic no differences in speed or speed distribution could be shown. This is most likely due to the fact that speeds were already controlled by the prevailing traffic conditions and they already were so low that the system never had to interfere. Further research is needed in order to investigate possible behavioral adaptation effects when the system is active as well as inactive and how driver behavior would be influenced in a situation where a large part of the vehicle fleet equipped with an active accelerator pedal.
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| 10. |
- Hjälmdahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of in-car observations, a method for driver assessment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part A: Policy & Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 38:2, s. 127-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-car observation method with human observers in the car was studied to establish whether observers could be trained to observe safety variables and register driver's behaviour in a correct and coherent way, and whether the drivers drove in their normal driving style, despite the presence of the observers. The study further discussed the observed variables from a safety perspective. First three observers were trained in the observation method and on-road observations were carried out. Their observations were then compared with a key representing a correct observation. After practising the observation method the observers showed a high correlation with the key. To establish whether the test drivers drove in a normal way during the in-car observations, comparisons of 238 spot-speed measurements were carried out. Driver's speeds when driving their own private cars were compared with their speeds during the in-car observations. The analysis showed that the drivers drove in the same way when being observed as they did normally. Most of the variables studied in the in-car observations had a well documented relevance to traffic safety. Overall, in-car observation was shown to be a reliable and valid method to observe driver behaviour, and observed changes provide relevant data on traffic safety. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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