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- Fietze, I, et al.
(författare)
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Management of obstructive sleep apnea in Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 12:2, s. 190-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In Europe, the services provided for the investigation and management of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) varies from country to country. The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to investigate the current status of diagnostic pathways and therapeutic approaches applied in the treatment of OSA in Europe, qualification requirements of physicians involved in diagnosis and treatment of OSA, and reimbursement of these services. Methods: Two questionnaires were sent to 39 physicians in 22 countries in Europe. In order to standardize the responses, the questionnaire was accompanied by an example. Results: Sleep centers from 21 countries (38 physicians) participated. A broad consistency among countries with respect to the following was found: pathways included referral to sleep physicians/sleep laboratories, necessity for objective diagnosis (primarily by polysomnography), use of polygraphic methods, analysis of polysomnography (PSG), indications for positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, application of standard continuous PAP (CPAP) therapy (100% with an CPAP/APAP ratio of 2.24:1), and the need (90.5%) and management of follow-up. Differences were apparent in reimbursement of the diagnostic procedures and follow-up, in the procedures for PAP titration from home APAP titration with portable sleep apnea monitoring (38.1%) up to hospital monitoring with PSG and APAP (85.7%), and in the qualification requirements of sleep physicians. Conclusions: Management of OSA in different European countries is similar except for reimbursement rules, qualification of sleep specialists and procedures for titration of the CPAP treatment. A European network (such as the one accomplished by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology [COST] B26 Action) could be helpful for implementing these findings into health-service research in order to standardize management in a cost effective perspective.
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- Almosly, W., et al.
(författare)
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Charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scattering off Cd-116 described by Skyrme forces
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 89:2, s. 024308-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform calculations of the cross sections for charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scattering off Cd-116 using ten different Skyrme interactions, at energies typical of supernova neutrinos. We use the quasiparticle random-phase approximation in its charged-changing mode (pnQRPA) to construct the required nuclear wave functions for the participant initial and final states. We compare the results of these calculations with the results of calculations based on the Bonn one-boson-exchange potential. The response of Cd-116 to supernova neutrinos is calculated by folding the obtained cross sections with suitably parametrized Fermi-Dirac distributions of the electron-neutrino and electron-antineutrino energies.
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- Xu, H, et al.
(författare)
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The induction and function of the anti-inflammatory fate of TH17 cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 3334-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TH17 cells exemplify environmental immune adaptation: they can acquire both a pathogenic and an anti-inflammatory fate. However, it is not known whether the anti-inflammatory fate is merely a vestigial trait, or whether it serves to preserve the integrity of the host tissues. Here we show that the capacity of TH17 cells to acquire an anti-inflammatory fate is necessary to sustain immunological tolerance, yet it impairs immune protection against S. aureus. Additionally, we find that TGF-β signalling via Smad3/Smad4 is sufficient for the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in TH17 cells. Our data thus indicate a key function of TH17 cell plasticity in maintaining immune homeostasis, and dissect the molecular mechanisms explaining the functional flexibility of TH17 cells with regard to environmental changes.
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- Mannion, Niamh M., et al.
(författare)
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The RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 Controls Innate Immune Responses to RNA
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 9:4, s. 1482-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ADAR RNA-editing enzymes deaminate adenosine bases to inosines in cellular RNAs. Aberrant interferon expression occurs in patients in whom ADAR1 mutations cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) or dystonia arising from striatal neurodegeneration. Adar1 mutant mouse embryos show aberrant interferon induction and die by embryonic day E12.5. We demonstrate that Adar1 embryonic lethality is rescued to live birth in Adar1; Mavs double mutants in which the antiviral interferon induction response to cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is prevented. Aberrant immune responses in Adar1 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts are dramatically reduced by restoring the expression of editing-active cytoplasmic ADARs. We propose that inosine in cellular RNA inhibits antiviral inflammatory and interferon responses by altering RLR interactions. Transfecting dsRNA oligonucleotides containing inosine-uracil base pairs into Adar1 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts reduces the aberrant innate immune response. ADAR1 mutations causing AGS affect the activity of the interferon-inducible cytoplasmic isoform more severely than the nuclear isoform.
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