| 1. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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KRAS G12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer linked to female sex and high risk of CNS metastasis : Population-based demographics and survival data from the National Swedish Lung Cancer Registry
- 2023
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In: Clinical Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 1525-7304 .- 1938-0690. ; 24:6, s. 507-518
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundReal-world data on demographics related to KRAS mutation subtypes are crucial as targeted drugs against the p.G12C variant have been approved.MethodWe identified 6183 NSCLC patients with reported NGS-based KRAS status in the Swedish national lung cancer registry between 2016 and 2019. Following exclusion of other targetable drivers, three cohorts were studied: KRAS-G12C (n = 848), KRAS-other (n = 1161), and driver negative KRAS-wild-type (wt) (n = 3349).ResultsThe prevalence of KRAS mutations and the p.G12C variant respectively was 38%/16% in adenocarcinoma, 28%/13% in NSCLC-NOS and 6%/2% in squamous cell carcinoma. Women were enriched in the KRAS-G12C (65%) and KRAS-other (59%) cohorts versus KRAS-wt (48%). A high proportion of KRAS-G12C patients in stage IV (28%) presented with CNS metastasis (vs. KRAS-other [19%] and KRAS-wt [18%]). No difference in survival between the mutation cohorts was seen in stage I-IIIA. In stage IV, median overall survival (mOS) from date of diagnosis was shorter for KRAS-G12C and KRAS-other (5.8 months/5.2 months) vs. KRAS wt (6.4 months). Women had better outcome in the stage IV cohorts, except in KRAS-G12C subgroup where mOS was similar between men and women. Notably, CNS metastasis did not impact survival in stage IV KRAS-G12C, but was associated with poorer survival, as expected, in KRAS-other and KRAS-wt.ConclusionThe KRAS p.G12C variant is a prevalent targetable driver in Sweden and significantly associated with female sex and presence of CNS metastasis. We show novel survival effects linked to KRAS p.G12C mutations in these subgroups with implications for clinical practice.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Elvira, et al.
(author)
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Income receipt and mortality : Evidence from Swedish public sector employees
- 2015
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In: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 131, s. 21-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we study the short-run effect of salary receipt on mortality among Swedish public sector employees. By exploiting variation in paydays across work-places, we completely control for mortality patterns related to, for example, public holidays and other special days or events coinciding with paydays and for general within-month and within-week mortality patterns. We find a dramatic increase in mortality on the day that salaries arrive. The increase is especially pronounced for younger workers and for deaths due to activity-related causes such as heart conditions and strokes. The effect is entirely driven by an increase in mortality among low income individuals, who are more likely to experience liquidity constraints. All things considered, our results suggest that an increase in general economic activity on salary receipt is an important cause of the excess mortality.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Elvira, et al.
(author)
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Income Receipt and Mortality – Evidence from Swedish Public Sector Employees
- 2014
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, we study the short-run effect of salary receipt on mortality among Swedish public sector employees. By using data on variation in paydays across work-places, we completely control for mortality patterns related to, for example, public holidays and other special days or events coinciding with paydays and for general within-month and within-week mortality patterns. We find a dramatic increase in mortality on the day salaries arrive. The increase is especially pronounced for younger workers and for deaths due to activity-related causes such as heart conditions and strokes. Additionally, the effect is entirely driven by an increase in mortality among low income individuals, who are more likely to experience liquidity constraints. All things considered, our results suggest that an increase in general economic activity on salary receipt is an important cause of the excess mortality.
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| 4. |
- Athey, Susan, et al.
(author)
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Worker attributes, aggregate conditions and the impact of adverse labor market shocks
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper studies heterogeneity in the impact of job displacement using rich administrative data from Sweden. We use generalized random forests to identify, based on worker characteristics, groups of workers who are most vulnerable to displacement and document substantial variation in displacement losses. The hardest-hit decile of workers loses over eight times as much in terms of earnings in the short run as the most resilient decile of workers. While we construct groups based on short-term impact, substantial group differences in outcomes persist at least ten years after displacement. We assess the relative importance of different factors, finding that worker attributes and semi-aggregate local and industry conditions interact to generate predictable variation in post-displacement earnings losses. Age and education level are strong predictors of earnings losses, with older and less-educated workers losing six times as much as younger and highly educated workers. Nevertheless, the losses of the most resilient quartile of old low-educated workers and the least resilient quartile of young highly-educated workers are similar in size. Much of this remaining heterogeneity is related to industry and location-specific characteristics. Working in manufacturing and living in a rural area are strong predictors of severe displacement losses, conditional on individual attributes. Losses are twice as large for workers displaced under bad as compared to good industry and location conditions. Our analysis of how to target interventions towards the most affected workers suggests that no simple rule is as effective at identifying vulnerable workers as the more flexible generalized random forest, but targeting older workers displaced from manufacturing plants achieves the closest result.
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| 5. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Do responses to news matter? : Evidence from interventional cardiology
- 2024
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In: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examine physician responses to a global information shock and how these impact their patients. We exploit international news over the safety of an innovation in healthcare, the drugeluting stent. We use data on interventional cardiologists' use of stents to define and measure cardiologists' responsiveness to the initial positive news and link this to their patients' outcomes. We find substantial heterogeneity in responsiveness to news. Patients treated by cardiologists who respond slowly to the initial positive news have fewer adverse outcomes. This is not due to patient-physician sorting. Instead, our results suggest that the differences are partially driven by slow responders being better at deciding when (not) to use the new technology, which in turn affects their patient outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Does Health-Care Consolidation Harm Patients? : Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures
- 2024
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In: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7731 .- 1945-774X. ; 16:1, s. 160-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth -related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in travel distance have no distinguishable effects. Positive effects on infant health reflect a shift of births from smaller to larger wards of higher quality.
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| 7. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Does Health-Care Consolidation Harm Patients? Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures
- 2024
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In: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. - 1945-7731. ; 16:1, s. 160-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth-related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in travel distance have no distinguishable effects. Positive effects on infant health reflect a shift of births from smaller to larger wards of higher quality.
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| 8. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Estimating returns to hospital volume : Evidence from advanced cancer surgery
- 2019
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In: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 63, s. 81-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-volume hospitals typically perform better than low-volume hospitals. In this paper, we study whether such patterns reflect a causal effect of case volume on patient outcomes. To this end, we exploit closures and openings of entire cancer clinics in Swedish hospitals which provides sharp and arguably exogenous variation in case volumes. Using detailed register data on more than 100,000 treatment episodes of advanced cancer surgery, our results suggest substantial positive effects of operation volume on survival. Complementary analyses point to learning-by-doing as an important explanation. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Avdic, Daniel, 1981-
(author)
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Microeconometric Analyses of Individual Behavior in Public Welfare Systems : Applications in Health and Education Economics
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays.Essay 1: Women have more absenteeism while simultaneously live longer than men. This pattern suggests that men and women's preferences for sickness absence might differ due to e.g. distinct health behaviors. These behaviors could, in turn, arise from the traditional gender division of labor within households, in which it might be more important to invest in the woman's health. We empirically analyze these hypotheses using administrative health data and find robust evidence for gender differences in preferences for health-related absenteeism.Essay 2: The paper analyzes whether residential proximity from an emergency room affects health outcomes from suffering an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Previous research has suffered from empirical problems relating to health-based spatial sorting of involved agents and data limitations on out-of-hospital mortality. Using policy-induced variation in hospital distance, arising from emergency room closures, and data on all AMI deaths in Sweden over a twenty-year period, results show a clear and gradually declining probability of surviving an AMI as hospital distance increases.Essay 3: Although learning-by-doing is believed to be an important source of productivity, there is limited evidence that increased production volume enhances productivity. We document evidence of learning-by-doing in a high-skill activity where stakes are high; advanced cancer surgery. For this purpose, we introduce a novel instrument that exploits changes in the number of public hospitals across time and space, affecting the number of cancer surgeries performed in Swedish hospitals. Using detailed register data, our results suggest substantial positive effects of operation volume on post-surgery survival rates.Essay 4: The paper analyzes whether student choice of college financing affects study durations by exploiting an intervention in the Swedish student aid system. The reform provided incentives for college students to reallocate time from studies to market work. We evaluate this time reallocation hypothesis by estimating relative changes in earnings and completed academic credits attributed to the intervention for students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Applying detailed Swedish administrative data, we find that the intervention both increased relative earnings and decreased the relative study pace for students from a lower socioeconomic background.
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| 10. |
- Bucher-Koenen, Tabea, et al.
(author)
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Double Trouble : The Burden of Child-rearing and Working on Maternal Mortality
- 2020
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In: Demography. - : Springer Nature. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 57:2, s. 559-576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We document increased old-age mortality rates among Swedish mothers of twins compared with mothers of singletons, using administrative data on mortality for 1990-2010. We argue that twins are an unplanned shock to fertility in the cohorts of older women considered. Deaths due to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart attacks-all of which are associated with stress during the life course-are significantly increased. Stratifying the sample by education and pension income shows the highest increase in mortality rates among highly educated mothers and those with above-median pension income. These results are consistent with the existence of a double burden on mothers' health resulting from simultaneously child-rearing and working.
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