| 1. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Schön, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates - the EUCAST broth microdilution reference method for MIC determination
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 26:11, s. 1488-1492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Several methods are used worldwide for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The variability in the results obtained with these methods hampers setting epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values and clinical breakpoints according to EUCAST guidelines. Methods for susceptibility testing and determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) need to be standardized for MTBC isolates for old and new agents. Our objective was to establish a standardized reference method for MIC determination for MTBC. Methods: The EUCAST antimycobacterial susceptibility testing subcommittee (AMST) compared protocols of MIC determination with regard to medium, inoculum preparation, antituberculous agent preparation, incubation, reading of the results and interpretation. Recommendations: The EUCAST reference method of MIC determination for MTBC is the broth microdilution method in Middlebrook 7H9-10% OADC medium. The final inoculum is a 105 CFU/mL suspension, obtained from a 10(-2) dilution of a 0.5 McFarland suspension prepared after vortexing bacterial colonies with glass beads before suspending them in sterile water. The culture is maintained in a U-shaped 96well polystyrene microtitre sterile plate with a lid incubated at 36 degrees +/- 1 degrees C. Reading is done using an inverted mirror as soon as the 1:100 diluted control (i.e. 10(3) CFU/mL suspension) shows visual growth. The MIC, expressed in mg/L, is the lowest concentration that inhibits visual growth. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 is used as the reference strain and its targeted MIC values are within the range 0.03-0.12 for isoniazid, 0.12-0.5 for levofloxacin and 0.25-1 mg/L for amikacin. Conclusions: The EUCAST reference method for MTBC was endorsed by EUCAST after public consultation and will from now on be used to define EUCAST ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints. This reference method is not primarily intended to be used under routine conditions and the AST methods will need to be calibrated against this reference method to be used with EUCAST breakpoints. Thomas Sch_on, Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:1488 (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
|
|
| 3. |
- Schön, Thomas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multicentre testing of the EUCAST broth microdilution reference method for MIC determination on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 27:2, s. 288.e1-288.e4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The first objective of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) subcommittee for antimycobacterial susceptibility testing (AMST), launched in 2016, was to set a reference method for determining the MICs of antituberculous agents, since many protocols are used worldwide and a consensus one is needed for the determination of microbiological breakpoints.METHODS: During 2017 and 2018, MIC determination protocols were evaluated prospectively in a multicentre study within the four AMST laboratories. MIC results were obtained for isoniazid, levofloxacin and amikacin on the reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294. Broth microdilution (BMD) in Middlebrook 7H9 and solid medium dilution (SMD) in Middlebrook 7H10 were performed using two inoculum concentrations. MICs were interpreted with regard to visual and 99% inhibition after 7, 14 or 21 days of incubation for BMD and 21 days for SMD.RESULTS: Following the EUCAST reference protocol, intra- and inter-assay agreements were within ±1 MIC dilution for >95% of the observations for the three drugs in both methods. MIC values, presented as MIC mode (range) for BMD and SMD respectively, were: 0.03 (0.015-0.06) mg/L and 0.12 (0.06-0.25) mg/L for isoniazid, 0.25 mg/L (0.25-0.5) and 0.5 mg/L (0.12-0.5) for levofloxacin, and 0.5 mg/L (0.5-1.0) and 0.5 mg/L (0.5-1.0) for amikacin.CONCLUSIONS: Both SMD and BMD were reproducible and eligible as a reference method for MIC determination of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). BMD was finally selected as the EUCAST reference method. From now on it will be used to set epidemiological cut-off values and clinical breakpoints of new and old antituberculous agents.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Brynildsrud, Ola B., et al.
(författare)
-
Global expansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 shaped by colonial migration and local adaptation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Science Advances. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 2375-2548. ; 4:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of population genomic and phylogeographic analyses of 1669 Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 (L4) genomes, we find that dispersal of L4 has been completely dominated by historical migrations out of Europe. We demonstrate an intimate temporal relationship between European colonial expansion into Africa and the Americas and the spread of L4 tuberculosis (TB). Markedly, in the age of antibiotics, mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance overwhelmingly emerged locally (at the level of nations), with minimal cross-border transmission of resistance. The latter finding was found to reflect the relatively recent emergence of these mutations, as a similar degree of local restriction was observed for susceptible variants emerging on comparable time scales. The restricted international transmission of drug-resistant TB suggests that containment efforts at the level of individual countries could be successful.
|
|
| 6. |
- Froberg, Gabrielle, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards clinical breakpoints for non-tuberculous mycobacteria-Determination of epidemiological cut off values for the Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus using broth microdilution
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 29:6, s. 758-764
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: For non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distri-butions of wild-type isolates have not been systematically evaluated despite their importance for establishing antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) breakpoints.Methods: We gathered MIC distributions for drugs used against the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) obtained by commercial broth microdilution (SLOMYCOI and RAPMYCOI) from 12 laboratories. Epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and tentative ECOFFs (TEC-OFFs) were determined by EUCAST methodology including quality control (QC) strains.Results: The clarithromycin ECOFF was 16 mg/L for M. avium (n = 1271) whereas TECOFFs were 8 mg/L for M. intracellulare (n = 415) and 1 mg/L for MAB (n = 1014) confirmed by analysing MAB subspecies without inducible macrolide resistance (n = 235). For amikacin, the ECOFFs were 64 mg/L for MAC and MAB. For moxifloxacin, the WT spanned >8 mg/L for both MAC and MAB. For linezolid, the ECOFF and TECOFF were 64 mg/L for M. avium and M. intracellulare, respectively. Current CLSI breakpoints for amikacin (16 mg/L), moxifloxacin (1 mg/L) and linezolid (8 mg/L) divided the corresponding WT dis-tributions. For QC M. avium and M. peregrinum, >= 95% of MIC values were well within recommended QC ranges.Conclusion: As a first step towards clinical breakpoints for NTM, (T)ECOFFs were defined for several antimicrobials against MAC and MAB. Broad wild-type MIC distributions indicate a need for further method refinement which is now under development within the EUCAST subcommittee for anti-mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing. In addition, we showed that several CLSI NTM breakpoints are not consistent in relation to the (T)ECOFFs. Gabrielle Froeuroberg, Clin Microbiol Infect 2023;29:758 (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 7. |
- Nakatani, Yoshio, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of Alanine Racemase Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-Cycloserine Resistance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 61:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A screening of more than 1,500 drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed evolutionary patterns characteristic of positive selection for three alanine racemase (Alr) mutations. We investigated these mutations using molecular modeling, in vitro MIC testing, as well as direct measurements of enzymatic activity, which demonstrated that these mutations likely confer resistance to D-cycloserine.
|
|
