| 1. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(author)
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Very high-energy gamma-ray follow-up program using neutrino triggers from IceCube
- 2016
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe and report the status of a neutrino-triggered program in IceCube that generates real-time alerts for gamma-ray follow-up observations by atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC and VERITAS). While IceCube is capable of monitoring the whole sky continuously, high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have restricted fields of view and in general are unlikely to be observing a potential neutrino-flaring source at the time such neutrinos are recorded. The use of neutrino-triggered alerts thus aims at increasing the availability of simultaneous multi-messenger data during potential neutrino flaring activity, which can increase the discovery potential and constrain the phenomenological interpretation of the high-energy emission of selected source classes (e. g. blazars). The requirements of a fast and stable online analysis of potential neutrino signals and its operation are presented, along with first results of the program operating between 14 March 2012 and 31 December 2015.
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| 2. |
- Peterson, Andrew A., et al.
(author)
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Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies
- 2008
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In: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 1:1, s. 32-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrothermal technologies are broadly defined as chemical and physical transformations in high-temperature (200–600° C), high-pressure (5–40 MPa) liquid or supercritical water. This thermochemical means of reforming biomass may have energetic advantages, since, when water is heated at high pressures a phase change to steam is avoided which avoids large enthalpic energy penalties. Biological chemicals undergo a range of reactions, including dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, which are influenced by the emperature, pressure, concentration, and presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration. Liquefaction processes are generally lower temperature (200–400° C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called ‘‘bio-oil’’ or ‘‘bio-crude’’.Gasification processes generally take place at higher temperatures (400–700° C) and can produce methane or hydrogen gases in high yields.
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| 3. |
- Hägg, Göran M., et al.
(author)
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How do different temperatures affect knife force?
- 2015
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In: The Ergonomics Open Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1875-9343. ; :8, s. 27-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meat cutters have long since claimed that knife forces increase with lower meat temperatures. This study was performed to find out what effects the meat temperature has on cutting forces. In addition, the same issue was addressed for pure fat. One hundred and forty four samples of lean meat and of fat respectively were collected and put overnight inone of three refrigerators with temperatures 2, 7 and 12°C, 48 in each. These samples were cut while measuring cutting forces in an Anago KST Sharpness Analyzer machine. The results show that there were no significant differences in knife forces concerning lean meat at the three temperatures. However, the force in pure fat at 2°C was significantly increased by 30% compared to the other temperatures. The forces in fat were generally three times higher than for lean meat, regardlessof temperature.
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| 4. |
- Luterbacher, Jeremy S., et al.
(author)
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High yield methane generation from wet biomass and waste
- 2007
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In: Pathways to our common future - Proceedings of The Alliance for Global Sustainability Annual Meeting 2007, 18-21 March, Barcelona, Spain.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Luterbacher, Jeremy S., et al.
(author)
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Hydrothermal Gasification of Waste Biomass: Process Design and Life Cycle Asessment
- 2009
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In: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:5, s. 1578-1583
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A process evaluation methodology is presented that incorporates flowsheet mass and energy balance modeling, heat and power integration, and life cycle assessment. Environmental impacts are determined by characterizing and weighting (using CO2 equivalents, Eco-indicator 99, and Eco-scarcity) the flowsheet and inventory modeling results. The methodology is applied to a waste biomass to synthetic natural gas (SNG) conversion process involvingacatalytic hydrothermal gasification step. Several scenarios are constructed for different Swiss biomass feedstocks and different scales depending on logistical choices: large-scale (155 MWSNG) and small-scale (5.2 MWSNG) scenarios for a manure feedstock and one scenario (35.6MWSNG) for awoodfeedstock. Process modeling shows that 62% of the manure’s lower heating value (LHV) is converted to SNG and 71% of wood’s LHV is converted to SNG. Life cycle modeling shows that, for all processes, about 10% of fossil energy use is imbedded in the produced renewable SNG. Converting manure and replacing it, as a fertilizer, with the process mineral byproduct leads to reduced N2O emissions and an improved environmental performance such as global warming potential: -0.6 kgCO2eq./MJSNG vs -0.02 kgCO2eq./MJSNG for wood scenarios.
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