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| 2. |
- Alemani, Mattia, et al.
(författare)
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ON THE INFLUENCE OF CAR BRAKE SYSTEM PARAMETERS ON PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The influence of car brake system parameters on particulate matter emissions was investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Samples from a low-steel friction material and a cast iron disc were tested for different sliding velocities, nominal contact pressures and frictional powers. Disc temperatures were also measured. Their impact on total concentration, size distribution, particle coefficient and transition temperature was analysed. Results show that frictional power is the most significant brake system parameter. However, temperature, as a response parameter, is the most influential, inducing a shift towards the ultrafine particulate fraction and raising emissions. A transition temperature, independent of the system parameters, was identified.
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| 3. |
- Alemani, Mattia, et al.
(författare)
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On the influence of car brake system parameters on particulate matter emissions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wear. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 396, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of car brake system parameters on particulate matter emissions was investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Samples from a low-steel friction material and a cast iron disc were tested for different sliding velocities, nominal contact pressures and frictional powers. Disc temperatures were also measured. Their impact on total concentration, size distribution, particle coefficient and transition temperature was analysed. Results show that frictional power is the most significant brake system parameter. However, temperature, as a response parameter, is the most influential, inducing a shift towards the ultrafine particulate fraction and raising emissions. A transition temperature, independent of the system parameters, was identified.
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| 4. |
- Alemani, Mattia
(författare)
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Particle emissions from car brakes : The influence of contact conditions on the pad-to-rotor interface
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to their adverse health effects emissions have been regulated for over three decades. Brake wear particulate matter is the most important non-exhaust source, however current knowledge is mainly limited to observational studies. This thesis aims to investigate relations between the brake system contact conditions and the related emissions on a model scale; validate the results on a component level; and understand to what extent they are significant on a full-scale.Paper A investigates the influence of nominal contact pressure on a model scale. Results show that higher pressure corresponds to higher emissionsPaper B investigates the influence of the nominal contact pressure, for different friction materials, on a model scale. A temperature threshold, responsible for a relevant emission increase, is identified.Paper C investigates particle characteristics and wear mechanisms for different nominal contact pressures, on a model scale. Results show an enhanced tribo-layer at higher pressure levels.Paper D investigates the influence of brake system conditions on emissions, on a model scale. Results show that frictional power is the most important parameter. A transition temperature independent of the contact condition is identified.Paper E investigates similarities occurring on a component scale and a model scale in terms of emissions. Results show a promising correlation, and the possibility of using a pin-on-disc tribometer for R&D activities.Paper F investigates analogies occurring on a component scale and a model scale, in terms of friction performance, fictional surface and chemical composition. Results show similar phenomena occurring for the two test stands.Paper G analyses real brake system working conditions in a urban environment defining, by means of an inertia dyno bench, the related emissions. Results reveal emission factors compliant to EURO6 and EURO2 regulations, in terms of number and mass, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Alemani, Mattia, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling effects of measuring disc brake airborne particulate matter emissions – A comparison of a pin-on-disc tribometer and an inertia dynamometer bench under dragging conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - : Sage Publications. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 232:12, s. 1538-1547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important contributor to non-exhaust emissions in urban areas is airborne particulate matter originating from brake systems. A well-established way to test such systems in industry is to use inertia dynamometer benches; although they are quite expensive to run. Pin-on-disc tribometers, on the other hand, are relatively cheap to run, but simplify the real system. The literature indicates promising correlations between these two test stands with regard to measured airborne number distribution. Recent studies also show a strong dependency between the airborne number concentration and the disc temperature. However, a direct comparison that also takes into account temperature effects is missing. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to investigate how the transition temperature is affected by the different test scales, under dragging conditions, and the effects on total concentration and size distribution. New and used low-steel pins/pads were tested against cast iron discs/rotors on both the aforementioned test stands, appositely designed for particulate emission studies. A constant normal load and constant rotational velocity were imposed in both test stands. Results show that a transition temperature can always be identified. However, it is influenced by the test scale and the frictional pair status. Nevertheless, emissions are assessed similarly when an equivalent frictional pair status is analysed (e.g. run-in). Further investigations for fully run-in samples on the pin-on-disc should be performed in order to finally assess the possibility of using the tribometers for the initial assessment of different friction materials.
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| 6. |
- Matějka, Vlastimil, et al.
(författare)
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Dependency of PM10 particle emission on stability of friction coefficient and character of friction surface
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two pairs of low-metallic brake pads (BP1 and BP2) with different chemical composition as measured using wave dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were selected for this study. The brake pads were tested with inertia brake dynamometer adapted for isokinetic sampling of PM10 wear particles. Modified SAE J2707 (part B) testing procedure was used for both test. PM10 particles released during the brake stops were captured under isokinetic conditions on 47mm quartz filter, the particles bigger than 10 micron were removed by PM10 cyclone. The character of the friction surface of brake pads was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that COF of sample BP1 grows during the individual brake events from approx. 0.4 to 0.7; while the COF obtained for BP2 shows stable value approx. 0.4 during individual brake stops. The average PM10 concentration in given experimental set-up reached value 1.47 and 0.56 mg/m3 for sample BP1 and BP2, respectively.
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| 7. |
- Metinoz, Ibrahim, et al.
(författare)
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COULD PIN-ON-DISC TRIBOMETERS BE USED TO STUDY THE FRICTION/WEAR PERFORMANCE OF DISC BRAKE MATERIALS?
- 2016
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Ingår i: EUROBRAKE 2016. - Milan.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pin-on-disc tribometers are used by the academia to study friction and wear of disc brake materials. It has been debated if a simplified set-up could reproduce the friction and wear behaviour of the disc brake assembly. The aim of this paper is to investigate and discuss this topic by comparing the friction surfaces with diverse microscopy techniques. Also, coefficients of friction, wear, and collected airborne wear particles are compared. Although the tests are based on different testing procedures (tribometers - drag test and dyno-bench test – single station), the results show that tribometers provide information related to the friction-wear performance, character of friction surfaces, and character of wear particles, which mirror the behaviour of the samples during dyno-bench tests.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Perricone, Guido, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A concept for reducing PM10 emissions for car brakes by 50%
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 396, s. 135-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With regard to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 mu m (PM10), in countries in the European Union, the mass of brake emissions equals approximately 8-27% of the total traffic-related emissions. Using a research methodology combining tests at different scale levels with contact mechanics simulations and PM10 chemical characterization, the REBRAKE EU-financed project had the following aims: i) to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the PM10 fraction of the airborne particulate from brake wear by 50 wt%; ii) to enhance the general understanding on the physical and chemical phenomena underlying the brake wear process. The results achieved so far indicate that it is possible to design a disc brake system for a European standard car affording at least a 32 wt% PM10 emission reduction using a standard European pad and a heat-treated rotor. A further reduction to 65 wt% PM10 emission could be achieved with NAO pad material and the same heat-treated disc.
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| 10. |
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