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Sökning: WFRF:(Walker Fiona) > (2008-2009) > Engelska

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1.
  • Elsik, Christine G., et al. (författare)
  • The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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2.
  • McArthur, Jason D, et al. (författare)
  • Allelic variants of streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes display functional differences in plasminogen activation.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860. ; 22:9, s. 3146-3153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A common mammalian defense mechanism employed to prevent systemic dissemination of invasive bacteria involves occlusion of local microvasculature and encapsulation of bacteria within fibrin networks. Acquisition of plasmin activity at the bacterial cell surface circumvents this defense mechanism, allowing invasive disease initiation. To facilitate this process, S. pyogenes secretes streptokinase, a plasminogen-activating protein. Streptokinase polymorphism exhibited by S. pyogenes isolates is well characterized. However, the functional differences displayed by these variants and the biological significance of this variation has not been elucidated. Phylogenetic analysis of ska sequences from 28 S. pyogenes isolates revealed 2 main sequence clusters (clusters 1 and 2). All strains secreted streptokinase, as determined by Western blotting, and were capable of acquiring cell surface plasmin activity after incubation in human plasma. Whereas culture supernatants from strains containing cluster 1 ska alleles also displayed soluble plasminogen activation activity, supernatants from strains containing cluster 2 ska alleles did not. Furthermore, plasminogen activation activity in culture supernatants from strains containing cluster 2 ska alleles could only be detected when plasminogen was prebound with fibrinogen. This study indicates that variant streptokinase proteins secreted by S. pyogenes isolates display differing plasminogen activation characteristics and may therefore play distinct roles in disease pathogenesis.-McArthur, J. D., McKay, F. C., Ramachandran, V., Shyam, P., Cork, A. J., Sanderson-Smith, M. L., Cole, J. N., Ringdahl, U., Sjöbring, U., Ranson, M., Walker, M. J. Allelic variants of streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes display functional differences in plasminogen activation.
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