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- Cowger, Win, et al.
(författare)
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Global producer responsibility for plastic pollution
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 10:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brand names can be used to hold plastic companies accountable for their items found polluting the environment. We used data from a 5-year (2018–2022) worldwide (84 countries) program to identify brands found on plastic items in the environment through 1576 audit events. We found that 50% of items were unbranded, calling for mandated producer reporting. The top five brands globally were The Coca-Cola Company (11%), PepsiCo (5%), Nestlé (3%), Danone (3%), and Altria (2%), accounting for 24% of the total branded count, and 56 companies accounted for more than 50%. There was a clear and strong log-log linear relationship production (%) = pollution (%) between companies’ annual production of plastic and their branded plastic pollution, with food and beverage companies being disproportionately large polluters. Phasing out single-use and short-lived plastic products by the largest polluters would greatly reduce global plastic pollution.
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| 3. |
- Farrell, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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The demand for lotto : the role of conscious selection
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of business & economic statistics. - : American Statistical Assoication. - 0735-0015 .- 1537-2707. ; 18:2, s. 228-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents estimates of the elasticity of demand for lottery tickets using time series data in which there is variation in the expected value of a lottery ticket induced by rollovers. An important feature of our data is that there are far more rollovers than expected given the lottery design. We find strong evidence that individuals do not choose their lottery numbers uniformly from a uniform distribution-that is, conscious selection. We use our estimates to derive the inverse supply function for the industry, and this enables us to identify the demand elasticity. We find the price elasticity to be close to unity, which implies that the operator is revenue maximizing-which is the regulator's objective.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Angelica, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating progress on loss and damage: an assessment of the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism under the UNFCCC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 22:9-10, s. 1199-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013, and its Executive Committee (ExCom) is developing a new five-year workplan. Seizing this opportune moment to assess institutional progress on the issue of loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) we address two research questions: (1) Has the ExCom delivered on its workplans to date, and (2) how has the ExCom’s progress varied across thematic areas? Drawing on public documentary sources, we assess the effectiveness and timeliness of the delivery of activities across five thematic areas: slow onset events; non-economic losses; comprehensive risk management approaches; human mobility; and finance, action and support. We find that there has been progress across the thematic areas, but that it has varied in pace. Delays are associated with activities from the two-year workplan being moved into the first five-year workplan or being devolved to the more recently established expert groups. Our results also show that decisions from the Conference of the Parties (COP) or the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) have played a critical role in accelerating specific aspects of the ExCom’s work. Finally, we note that the ExCom is increasingly relying on its expert groups and their members to deliver many activities. This research advances our understanding of the nature and pace of progress on this issue, and raises new questions about the politics of global climate policy implementation.KEY POLICY INSIGHTSThe WIM ExCom’s workplans are characterized by broad goals and are ambiguous about start dates and deadlines. To enhance accountability, future workplans would benefit from clearly defined objectives, outcomes, and timelines.The workplans do not seem to constitute strong commitments: Parties make use of COP/CMA decisions to strengthen the workplans by mandating specific activities or deadlines, adding new activities and prioritizing among existing ones.The politics of implementation merits greater attention: wider political dynamics around loss and damage shape the pace of the ExCom’s supposedly technical work. One example is the delayed establishment of the expert group on action and support.
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| 5. |
- Liedholm, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Housing Policy as an Agent of Social Welfare
- 1987
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Ingår i: The Legacy and Opportunity for High Rise Housing in Europe: The Management of Innovation.. - 0 946360 99 5 ; , s. 51-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Vanhala, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on the Global Governance of Climate Change Loss and Damage at COP26.
- 2021
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- What happened on the issue of loss and damage atthe 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) held inGlasgow in November 2021 and why does it matter?In many ways COP26 was the moment when lossand damage was transformed from being an issueof importance to certain states and communities –for example the small island states – to one that hasbecome centre stage for much of the world. Thedeveloping countries grouping, known as the G77plus China, were united in unprecedented ways onthe issue of loss and damage in Glasgow. We alsowitnessed a host of different non-state and substate stakeholders taking up the mantle of loss anddamage from those marching in the streets, to theFirst Minister of Scotland to the Trade Unionconstituency of the UNFCCC.Given the growing frequency and intensity of theadverse impacts of climate change globally and thelaunch of the most recent assessment of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the Working Group I contribution to the 6thAssessment Report, this is an issue that is now onthe political agenda. This set of short reflectionsfrom our inter-disciplinary team of expertsadvances our understanding of the globalgovernance of climate change loss and damage.Coming from different disciplinary perspectives,from anthropology and law to geography andpolitical science, we explore the topic of climatechange loss and damage governance focusing onissues of finance, science and expertise, policy, lawand litigation.
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