| 1. |
- Avelin, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different renovation actions, their investment cost and future potential
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 143, s. 73-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 65% of the buildings in Västerås, situated in the region of Mälardalen, Sweden were built before 1970. It is thus time for renovation. The situation is the same in most cities in Sweden and Northern Europe. The depth of renovation can be quite different. In this paper we evaluate some examples where cost is compared to energy saving effect. How to plan renovation to make use of the available capital in the cities is discussed. As a complement to direct renovation actions also behavior change with respect to energy is discussed and exemplified. The cost for energy actions in relation to other renovation aspects is discussed especially for the passive house case in Allingsås, Sweden. The passive house center calculate an extra cost for passive house standard to be 10 000 €/apartment while an external consultant has the figure 40 000 € of the total cost of 120 000 €. With this space heating can be 18 kWh/m2.year, or a reduction by 84 % with respect to space heating and 62% for overall heat and hot water demand. If you use the latter cost figure passive house standard is not motivated from an energy savings perspective while if using the lower figure it is very interesting. For the other less deep renovations we see that adding more insulation and three glass windows is motivated if the degradation has been strong, while a simpler renovation may be ok if the outer surface coating is not too bad. For these less deep renovations we see cost figures of 65 €/m2 respectively 28 €/m2 with reduction of heating and hot water demand of 56 % respectively 34 %.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Anton, 1981-
(författare)
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Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process. Such a theoretical framework has emerged by consolidating the ecological approach of Brunswikian psychology with the ideas of tacit and personal knowledge of Polanyian epistemology. Traditionally, knowledge elicitation has been considered an extraction process in which knowledge can be readily transferred from one individual to another. Here, this traditional position is rejected in favour of Polanyi’s premise that much of the knowledge individuals possess is tacit in nature, which implies that it cannot be documented easily, expressed in explicit form or explained. In this dissertation, knowledge is characterised as a personal process of knowing, highlighting context as a subjective knowledge structure of personal experiences that is formulated implicitly and indirectly over time through a dynamic interaction with the environment. Therefore, tacit knowledge cannot be articulated or shared; however, learners can be inspired by observing other individuals' purposive (i.e., goal-directed) behaviours and thus shape their own tacit knowledge once they practise the observed skills and develop conceptual understanding through reasoning about the learning process. Knowledge elicitation thereby makes use of observations, questions, or more structured process tracing methods in environments familiar to the observed individuals to elicit purposive behaviour from them. Accordingly, functional descriptions can be produced in this process that further conceptual understanding of a particular domain. Knowledge elicitation procedures are a powerful set of methods for reaching such functional descriptions. Moreover, by understanding the resulting knowledge elicitation data as an abstraction derived from multiple collection points in the same environment, the focus shifts from purely subjective mental constructs to the impact of environmental constraints.
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| 3. |
- Bian, Caiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Finding the optimal location for public charging stations - A GIS-based MILP approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 6582-6588
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric Vehicles (EVs) have achieved a significant development because of the continuous technology revolution and policy supports in recent years, which leads to a larger demand of charging stations. Strategies about how to find the optimal location for charging facilities are urgently needed in order to further assist the development of EVs. This paper focus on the return of investments on EV charging stations and proposes a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify the optimal location of charging stations in cities. Traffic flow data and land-use classifications are used as important inputs, and six important constraints are included in the MILP model with the objective function of maximizing the total profits of new charging stations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is then demonstrated by implementing a case study in Västerås, Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Control of waste water treatment combined with irrigation
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In waste water treatment using biological treatment processes normally phosphorous, nitrous compounds as well as organic matterare removed.It is also important to remove or kill pathogens that otherwisecould cause diseases. The surplus of bio-sludge is used to produce biogas. In thepaper four different alternatives for system design and operations of systems was discussed. The alternatives integrates thewaste water treatment and irrigation offarmland using the water taken out from different positions in the waste water treatment plant.
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| 5. |
- Dong, Shuaili, et al.
(författare)
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Volatility of electricity price in Denmark and Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY TRANSITIONS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; , s. 4331-4337
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under the pressure of global environmental climate change, all countries in the world are developing renewable energy such as hydropower, wind energy, and solar energy As a result, the electricity price varies in different patterns depending on the penetration of renewable energy. In this paper, a non-parametric model is employed to analyze the historical data of electricity spot price from Danish price areas of the Nord Pool (with high percentage of wind power), Swedish price areas of the Nord Pool (with high percentage of hydropower) and PJM market (with little renewable energy penetrated). The objective is to deeply understand the influence of renewable energies on electricity price volatility. It is found that electricity prices are more stable in Swedish price areas as hydropower is a more stable energy source. The electricity price in PJM market is also comparatively stable, only more volatile than Swedish market, as fossil fuels are dominant energy resources. For Danish price areas, the volatility of electricity prices is clearly affected by wind power, which is a highly intermittent energy resource.
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| 6. |
- Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive impairment in patients with stress-related exhaustion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Stress-the International Journal on the Biology of Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1025-3890 .- 1607-8888. ; 16:2, s. 181-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients who seek medical care for stress-related mental health problems frequently report cognitive impairments as the most pronounced symptom. The purpose of the present study was to compare cognitive function in patients with stress-related exhaustion with that in healthy controls, using a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests. We also explored whether neuropsychological findings were related to severity of illness measured using the Shirom–Melamed burnout questionnaire and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Thirty-three patients (15 males) and 37 healthy controls (11 males), mean age 46 years [standard deviation (SD) 3.9] and 47 years (SD 4.3), respectively, were included in the final analysis. Five cognitive domains were assessed: (1) speed, attention and working memory, (2) learning and episodic memory, (3) executive functions, (4) visuospatial functions and (5) language. The most pronounced difference between patients and controls was seen on executive function, when tested with a multidimensional test, including aspects of speed, control and working memory. The patients also performed poorer on Digit span, measuring attention span and working memory as well as on learning and episodic memory, when measured as delayed recall and the difference between immediate and delayed recall. Delayed recall was the only test that was significantly related to severity of burnout symptoms among the patients. This could reflect poor cognitive sustainability in the patients with the highest burnout scores, as this particular test was the last one performed during the test session. This study clearly shows that cognitive impairment should be considered when evaluating and treating patients who seek medical care for stress-related exhaustion.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Influence on Processes when Evolving the Software Architecture
- 2007
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Ingår i: 9th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, IWPSE 2007, Held in Conjunction with the 6th ESEC/FSE Joint Meeting. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781595937223 ; , s. 59-66
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software intensive products and systems evolve over the life-cycle. Changing business objectives may drive architectural or process changes. Altering either architecture or process mightinfluence the other. Also the organization may influence and be influenced. This paper describes these relationships and proposes a method for assessing the influence on process that a proposed architectural change can have. The method includes the use of scenarios and process reference models. A case study where the method has been used is described, identifying the need for changes in the processes to be able to utilize the advantages made possible due to the architectural evolution. The case study supports our proposal that a structured method to assess the impacts on process when changing the architecture of a system helps to reduce risks and to facilitate the envisioned business benefits. This also identifies the need to devise methods for other types of changes, e.g. how a process change may influence architecture or organization.
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| 8. |
- Sannö, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a research framework for environmental sustainability within a global automotive business
- 2014
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Ingår i: 1st International EurOMA Sustainable Operations and Supply Chains Forum EurOMA.Sus. - Groningen , Netherlands : EurOMA Sustainable Operations Management and Supply Chain.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing companies have an essential role in the development towards sustainability. Companies are encouraged to take on a wider perspective in reducing carbon dioxide emissions, in order to reduce its impact on the acceleration of climate change. This paper presents a framework for environmental sustainability research through life cycle of the products. A literature review is performed to identify challenges and perspectives to be included in the development of the framework. Based on the empirical data collection performed with 71 respondents, research themes have been identified. These are: Resource efficiency, Enabling sustainable innovation, Circular business models and Emerging sustainable technologies.
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| 9. |
- Wikström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Storyboarding - Framing the "frame" of opportunity
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design brief is commonly a written description of a scope for a design problem that requires some kind of visual design. The exploration of opportunities before formulating the design brief results in framing and reframing the problem to create a common shared understanding of the problem. In this paper the applicability of Storyboard, the actual making of the storyboard, and its values to the front-front end of innovation is examined. Experiments has been performed in order to test three hypotheses and validate the results, in total four experiments was performed consisting of 25 teams developing 17 concepts. The three hypotheses focus, regarding type of innovation, scope and level of ambiguity, creates understanding of the values storyboarding can add with regards to framing opportunity for innovation in the front-front end of innovation. The result shows that storyboarding contribute to a narrow focus in creating the brief. Regarding the innovation type the hypothesis could not be confirmed, but storyboarding enables a reflection on both meaning and function. There were also some indications on ambiguity in the brief, but this hypothesis was not confirmed.© 2013 The Design Society.
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| 10. |
- Xi, X., et al.
(författare)
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Air pollution related externality of district heating - A case study of Changping, Beijing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 4323-4330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air pollution, caused by the use of fossil fuel, has been an environmental plague in China. It has a strong negative impact on human health. Since the costs of damage to health are not born by the pollution producers, these costs translate to social externality. Policies have an important role in optimizing resource allocation, such as penalizing the pollutant producers and incentivizing clean energy development. Among others, replacing coal with natural gas for heating represents an important example of air quality improvement measures. This paper presents a study that evaluates the health impacts from air pollution and the external cost of the "Coal-To-Gas" policy in district heating using Changping District (Beijing, China) as an example. Four scenarios were considered based on the historical and standard PM2.5 concentration. Results show that PM2.5 is responsible for causing an increase of 40% premature deaths in 2015 and that the monetary value of damage to health is higher than 1.2 billion CNY. In 2016 and 2017, the reported air quality was better than that in 2015. As a result, 13.3% and 26% premature deaths caused by air pollution were avoided in 2016 and 2017 compared to 2015 respectively. If the PM2.5 concentration level were to be reduced to national standard, the number of premature deaths attributed to PM2.5 could further decrease to 47.7% compared to 2015. Overall, the Coal-To-Gas policy in district heating reduces 0.017%~0.45% of premature death caused by air pollution each year. Air pollution reduction policies, which are expected to improve air quality together in the future, and the specific policy of Coal-To-Gas in district heating, could make great contribution to reducing the premature death caused by environmental problem and need more attention from the government and the public.
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