| 1. |
- Wallin, Paul, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Re-dating Ahu Nau Nau and the Settlement at 'Anakena, Rapa Nui
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Gotland Papers. - Visby : Gotland University. - 9789186343071 ; , s. 37-46
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The building phase and early use of Ahu Nau Nau have been re-dated by nine charcoal and rat bone samples. The new dates in comparison with earlier data suggest that the ahu was constructed around 650-550 BP. It is also suggested that a settlement dated to c. 950-900 BP preceded the ahu-building phase. A new question in light of recent research might be raised: Is the earliest settlement on Rapa Nui found at ´Anakena or should we look elsewhere?
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| 2. |
- Apel, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Early Holocene human population events on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea (9200-3800 cal. BP)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 465, s. 276-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The summed probability distribution of 162 radiocarbon dates from Gotland was analysed with reference to archaeological and environmental data in order to evaluate possible variations in settlement intensity on the island. The data indicated variations in demographic development on the island, with probably several different colonization events and external influences; the pioneer settlement reached the island around 9200 cal. BP. After the initial colonization, the radiocarbon dates were rather evenly distributed until around 7700–7600 cal. BP, then there was a drop in the number of dates between 8300 and 8000 cal. BP that may be associated with the 8200 cold event. A marked decline in the number of dates between 7600 and 6000 cal. BP may be associated initially with the Littorina I transgression, but this transgression cannot explain why the Late Mesolithic period is not well represented on Gotland: the climatic development was favourable but did not result in increased human activity. The number of radiocarbon dates indicated that the population size remained low until around 6000 cal. BP, after which there was a gradual increase that reached a first ‘threshold’ after 5600 cal. BP and a second ‘threshold’ after 4500 cal. BP. The first apparent population increase was associated with the appearance of the Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) and the second with Pitted Ware Culture (PWC) complexes. A decline in the number of dates occurred after 4300 cal. BP, i.e. towards the Late Neolithic. There was an association between the frequency distributions of the radiocarbon dates and the number of stray finds from different time periods but any correlation was not straightforward.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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The (misconceived) distinction between internal and external validity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Against boredom: 17 essays on ignorance, values, creativity, metaphysics, decision-making, truth, preference, art, processes, Ramsey, ethics, rationality, validity, human ills, science, and eternal life to Nils-Eric Sahlin on the occasion of his 60th birthday. - 9789187935374 ; , s. 187-195
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers often aim to make correct inferences both about that which is actually studied (internal validity) and about what the results generalize to (external validity). The language of internal and external validity is not used by everyone, but many of us would agree that intuitively the distinction makes a lot of sense. Two claims are commonly made with respect to internal and external validity. The first is that internal validity is prior to external validity since there is nothing to generalize if the findings obtained in, for instance, the experimental setting do not hold. The first claim is explicit in many writings. See for instance Francisco Guala’s influential book The methodology of experimental economics (2005). And it is often implicitly relied on. The second claim is that researchers have to make a trade-off between internal and external validity. When one is increased, the other will decrease. The second claim was made already from the start by D.T Campbell in his classic Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings (e.g., Campbell 1957, 297). There is a certain tension between the first and the second claim. It has been argued before that it might be difficult to combine them. We intend to make the stronger point that both claims are misconstrued. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between internal and external validity has to be re-conceptualized, and we will briefly indicate how.
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| 4. |
- Wallin, Paul, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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"Igelkottskvinnorna" under gropkeramisk tid på Gotland
- 2022
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Ingår i: Gotland Vattenland. - Visby : Gotlands Museum, Fornsalens Förlag. - 9789189121164 ; , s. 114-129
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Våra frågeställningar i den här artikeln berör igelkottens betydelse hos den gropkeramiska befolkningen på Gotland. Vilka utöver den s.k. ”Igelkottsflickan” fick med sig igelkottskäkar eller taggar i graven? Vår undersökning visar att "Igelkottsflickan" inte var unik och att igelkotten som hennes förfäder fört med sig från fastlandet var en del i den gropkeramiska kulturens gravritual för några av öns yngre kvinnor för ca 4500 år sedan.
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