| 1. |
- Andersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Pivotal Advance : HMGB1 expression in active lesions of human and experimental multiple sclerosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 84:5, s. 1248-1255
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS, most frequently starting with a series of bouts, each followed by complete remission and then a secondary, progressive phase during which the neurological deficit increases steadily. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression are still unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1), a DNA-binding protein with proinflammatory properties, is evident in active lesions of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and that HMGB1 levels correlate with active inflammation. Furthermore, the expression of the innate HMGB1 receptors--receptor for advanced glycation end products, TLR2, and TLR4--was also highly increased in MS and rodent EAE. Additionally, in vitro activation of rodent CNS-derived microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated that microglia were equally as capable as macrophages of translocating HMGB1 following LPS/IFN-gamma stimulation. Significant expression of HMGB1 and its receptors on accumulating activated macrophages and resident microglia may thus provide a positive feedback loop that amplifies the inflammatory response during MS and EAE pathogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Bal, Anjali S., et al.
(författare)
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You know you've got to, express yourself : A comparative study of self-expression through brand, women in six Asian nations
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Sustainable Global Marketplace. - Cham : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783319108728 - 9783319108735 ; , s. 165-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers express themselves in a multitude of ways; one expression mechanism is brand consumption. Self-expression can be an important driver of consumer preference and choice. Despite the importance of self-expression, additional research is needed as to how brands are used as a means of self-expression. Previous studies indicate that the importance of brands for self-expression can differ across cultures. This study explores how female consumers in six Asian nations differ in the extent to which they express themselves through the use of their favorite brands.
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| 3. |
- Bal, Anjali S., et al.
(författare)
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You know you've got to, express yourself : A comparative study of self-expression through brand, women in six Asian nations
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Sustainable Global Marketplace. - : The Academy of Marketing Science. - 0939783363 ; , s. 165-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers express themselves in a multitude of ways; one expression mechanism is brand consumption. Self-expression can be an important driver of consumer preference and choice. Despite the importance of self-expression, additional research is needed as to how brands are used as a means of self-expression. Previous studies indicate that the importance of brands for self-expression can differ across cultures. This study explores how female consumers in six Asian nations differ in the extent to which they express themselves through the use of their favorite brands.
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| 4. |
- Bergendahl, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery in nulliparous women (EVA) : multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of lateral episiotomy, compared with no episiotomy, on obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction.DESIGN: A multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.SETTING: Eight hospitals in Sweden, 2017-23.PARTICIPANTS: 717 nulliparous women with a single live fetus of 34 gestational weeks or more, requiring vacuum extraction were randomly assigned (1:1) to lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy using sealed opaque envelopes. Randomisation was stratified by study site.INTERVENTION: A standardised lateral episiotomy was performed during the vacuum extraction, at crowning of the fetal head, starting 1-3 cm from the posterior fourchette, at a 60° (45-80°) angle from the midline, and 4 cm (3-5 cm) long. The comparison was no episiotomy unless considered indispensable.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome of the episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery (EVA) trial was obstetric anal sphincter injury, clinically diagnosed by combined visual inspection and digital rectal and vaginal examination. The primary analysis used a modified intention-to-treat population that included all consenting women with attempted or successful vacuum extraction. As a result of an interim analysis at significance level P<0.01, the primary endpoint was tested at 4% significance level with accompanying 96% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS: From 1 July 2017 to 15 February 2023, 717 women were randomly assigned: 354 (49%) to lateral episiotomy and 363 (51%) to no episiotomy. Before vacuum extraction attempt, one woman withdrew consent and 14 had a spontaneous birth, leaving 702 for the primary analysis. In the intervention group, 21 (6%) of 344 women sustained obstetric anal sphincter injury, compared with 47 (13%) of 358 women in the comparison group (P=0.002). The risk difference was -7.0% (96% CI -11.7% to -2.5%). The risk ratio adjusted for site was 0.47 (96% CI 0.23 to 0.97) and unadjusted risk ratio was 0.46 (0.28 to 0.78). No significant differences were noted between groups in postpartum pain, blood loss, neonatal outcomes, or total adverse events, but the intervention group had more wound infections and dehiscence.CONCLUSIONS: Lateral episiotomy can be recommended for nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction to significantly reduce the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02643108.
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| 5. |
- Blair, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing brand equity in the luxury wine market by exploiting tastemaker scores
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Product & Brand Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1061-0421. ; 26:5, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Calculating brand equity, the price differential that a branded product is able to charge compared to an unbranded equivalent, often suffers from a lack of a means to truly determine equivalence. Luxury wines have the benefit of an established measure of equivalency – the Parker score. Robert Parker’s influence as a tastemaker provides a point of comparison across brands. This study looks at brand equity of Bordeaux classified growth wines considering château brands, growths and vintages to illustrate the intangible value for the consumer. Design/methodology/approach: Using price and wine-specific data from Wine-Searcher.com, an online database and search engine, an initial sample of 393 wines with Parker scores ranging from 72 to 100 is presented. A subset of perfect wines, with 100-point Parker scores, is also reviewed focusing on the great vintage of 2009. Findings: The results indicate that brand equity in the luxury wine market exists. Not only is this true for the brand of a specific château, but there is also equity associated with the vintage and the growth. Practical implications: This offers practical implications for brand managers in positioning their wines. Originality/value: An analysis of luxury wines supports the financial perspective on brand equity, especially when there is a viable means of determining equivalence, such as the Parker score.
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| 6. |
- Brown, Terrence, 1962-
(författare)
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An Evaluation of Crowdsourcing as a Tool for Marketing Activities
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advances in technology and social media have facilitated the rapid development of crowdsourcing as an innovative tool within the field of marketing. This has driven researchers to investigate more deeply the phenomenon of crowdsourcing as a marketing innovation. The overall purpose of this thesis is expressed as: To explore and describe the use of crowdsourcing within the field of marketing. More specifically, the primary purpose of the thesis is to understand better - How crowdsourcing can be used as a marketing tool. This thesis aims to illuminate the gap in the extant marketing literature by reviewing current academic knowledge surrounding crowdsourcing and marketing. The use of the crowd as a marketing tool is growing primarily because of the advent of the Internet; however, as technology continues to advance the possibilities, challenges and side effects of crowdsourcing also change. These also need to be investigated continually. More specifically as digital marketing moves from a Web 2.0 environment to a Web 3.0 environment there will be new opportunities as well as pitfalls. As a result, new and relevant marketing problems exist at the nexus of crowdsourcing and marketing.The research problem is sub-divided into the following four research questions:RQ1: To what extent are crowdfunding platforms accessible to organizations as a marketing channel and, if so, what role can these platforms play?RQ2: How will the shift from Web 2.0 (and active-user input) to Web 3.0(and passive-data/sensor–based input) impact the new opportunities/product development process?RQ3: How can user-generated content help firms make strategic decisions about new business opportunities? RQ4: How is the evolution of crowdsourcing impacting information externalities and consumer privacy and how is this impacting marketing? This research is further divided into two sections. The first part investigates marketing activities specifically new opportunities/product development, advertising and promotion, and marketing research. The second section focuses on one of the possible repercussions of crowdsourcing in the marketing process. Most research on crowdsourcing focuses on the first section (i.e., the marketing activities) and how crowdsourcing is a positive marketing tool. Much less research aims its attention on the consequences and/or potential negative aspects of crowdsourcing.This thesis consists of two published papers and two studies. Each project handles one of research questions. The first two papers and the first study focus on three marketing activities (i.e., advertising, promotion and sales, new product and service development, and market research). The second study focuses on one of the possible consequences of the growth of crowdsourcing as a tool in the marketing process.While each paper and study has its own individual contributions, the overall contribution of this study is multi-fold. First, it develops a definition of crowdsourcing as: a tool or process by which the firm can increase or expand the resources to which it has access to by using the collective effort of a group of individuals or organizations. Second, as a result of these four research projects, crowdsourcing can further be seen as a situational, contextual and flexible tool that can be used in many different organizational contexts. The specific context for this thesis is marketing and as a result, crowdsourcing can play a wide variety of marketing roles.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ek Styvén, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits and barriers for the use of digital channels among small tourism companies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 19:1, s. 27-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to identify and explain perceived benefits and barriers for the use of digital channels by tourism companies in Swedish Lapland. Data were collected through exploratory interviews and an online survey to tourism companies in the region, most of which are small firms. Through factor analysis, we identified four barriers (Financial risk, Time constraints, External environment, and Lack of IT expertise and strategy) and three benefits (Internal efficiency, Marketing and competition, and Financial benefit) connected to the use of digital channels for customer communication. Results suggest that having staff with work time specifically reserved for working with digital channels, rather than trying to manage this alongside other tasks, increases the perceived benefits and decreases barriers related to Information and Communication (ICT) use. Moreover, analysis shows that the most important factors explaining tourism firms’ intentions to use digital channels are the perceived benefits connected to marketing and competition, as well as the perceived financial risk, which works as a barrier. Contrary to expectations, time constraints had a significant positive correlation with the intention to use digital channels. This implies that tourism firms in Swedish Lapland increasingly recognize the necessity of investing time in online communications in order to attract more visitors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ek Styvén, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Impulse buying tendencies among online shoppers in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2040-7122. ; 11:4, s. 416-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize consumers with high impulse buying tendency (IBT) by comparing them with low-IBT consumers in an online shopping context.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a postal survey to a random sample of Swedish citizens, resulting in 144 responses, which were analysed statistically.Findings: Results indicate that high-IBT consumers, compared to those with low IBT, are on average younger, more likely to be female and more frequent online shoppers with higher levels of trust in the internet. However, they seem more likely than low-IBT consumers to abandon their online shopping carts before completing the purchase, often because of need uncertainty.Practical implications: The findings can give retailers a better understanding of consumers with high IBT and thereby increase the possibility to target and communicate with them more effectively. This is an interesting opportunity as both multi-channel shopping and impulse buying behaviour is likely to become even more common in the future.Originality/value: The study contributes to the understanding of impulsive consumers, as it addresses the role of situational and socio-demographic attributes of high-IBT consumers compared to low-IBT consumers. The differences in online purchases, intentions to buy fashion online, shopping cart abandonment and trust in the internet suggest that even if IBT is a relatively stable and general personal trait, the tendencies to act on buying impulses may be more context-specific.
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