| 1. |
- Wang, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Quantitative Trait Nucleotides and Development of Diagnostic Markers for Nine Fatty Acids in the Peanut
- 2024
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Ingår i: Plants. - 2223-7747. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide, and fatty acid composition is a major determinant of peanut oil quality. In the present study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for nine fatty acid traits using the whole genome sequences of 160 representative Chinese peanut landraces and identified 6-1195 significant SNPs for different fatty acid contents. Particularly for oleic acid and linoleic acid, two peak SNP clusters on Arahy.09 and Arahy.19 were found to contain the majority of the significant SNPs associated with these two fatty acids. Additionally, a significant proportion of the candidate genes identified on Arahy.09 overlap with those identified in early studies, among which three candidate genes are of special interest. One possesses a significant missense SNP and encodes a known candidate gene FAD2A. The second gene is the gene closest to the most significant SNP for linoleic acid. It codes for an MYB protein that has been demonstrated to impact fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The third gene harbors a missense SNP and encodes a JmjC domain-containing protein. The significant phenotypic difference in the oleic acid/linoleic acid between the genotypes at the first and third candidate genes was further confirmed with PARMS analysis. In addition, we have also identified different candidate genes (i.e., Arahy.ZV39IJ, Arahy.F9E3EA, Arahy.X9ZZC1, and Arahy.Z0ELT9) for the remaining fatty acids. Our findings can help us gain a better understanding of the genetic foundation of peanut fatty acid contents and may hold great potential for enhancing peanut quality in the future.
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| 2. |
- Zhong, Ziqian, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the effects of vapor pressure deficit on northern terrestrial vegetation productivity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 9:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on plant photosynthesis has long been acknowledged, but large interactions with air temperature (T) and soil moisture (SM) still hinder a complete understanding of the influence of VPD on vegetation production across various climate zones. Here, we found a diverging response of productivity to VPD in the Northern Hemisphere by excluding interactive effects of VPD with T and SM. The interactions between VPD and T/SM not only offset the potential positive impact of warming on vegetation productivity but also amplifies the negative effect of soil drying. Notably, for high-latitude ecosystems, there occurs a pronounced shift in vegetation productivity's response to VPD during the growing season when VPD surpasses a threshold of 3.5 to 4.0 hectopascals. These results yield previously unknown insights into the role of VPD in terrestrial ecosystems and enhance our comprehension of the terrestrial carbon cycle's response to global warming.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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The association between dietary cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction - the benchmark dose estimation of reference levels : the ChinaCad study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Toxicology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 38:10, s. 1365-1373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tolerable dietary intake of cadmium was recommended at provisional tolerable monthly intake of 25gkg(-1) body weight. However, several studies indicated that this tolerable level should be re-evaluated for sufficient health protection. In this study, we show the reference levels of dietary cadmium intake for renal dysfunction by using a benchmark dose (BMD) approach. A total of 790 subjects (302 men and 488 women) living in control and cadmium-polluted areas were included. The dietary cadmium intake was estimated by a food survey. Blood cadmium, urinary cadmium and renal function markers (microalbuminuria, N-acetyl--d-glucosaminidase [NAG] and its isoform B [NAGB], (2)-microglobulin and retinol binding protein) in urine were measured. We calculated the 95% lower confidence bounds of BMD (BMDLs) of cumulative cadmium intake. In control and two polluted areas, the median cumulative cadmium intake was 0.5, 2.1 and 11.1g. The odds ratio of the intermediate (1.0-3.0g), second highest (3.0-11.0g) and the highest cumulative cadmium intake (>11.0g) compared with the lowest cumulative cadmium intake (<1.0g) were 2.8 (95% CI: 1.4-5.8), 8.1 (95% CI: 3.8-17.2) and 11.4 (95% CI: 6.5-26.4) for urinary NAG and 6.6 (95% CI: 3.2-13.8), 14.8 (95% CI: 6.8-32.2) and 22.5 (95% CI: 10.7-47.5) for urinary NAGB. The BMDLs of cumulative cadmium intake were 1.1-1.2g (benchmark response [BMR]=5%) for urinary NAG, and were 0.7-0.9g (BMR=5%) for urinary NAGB, and were 1.3-1.4g (BMR=5%) for urinary (2)-microglobulin. The BMDLs of cumulative cadmium intake in a Chinese population were lower than the critical standard previously reported. Further evaluations are needed for sufficient health protection. Several studies indicated that the tolerable dietary intake of cadmium should be re-evaluated for sufficient health protection. In this study, we show the reference levels of dietary cadmium intake for renal dysfunction by using benchmark dose (BMD) approach. The lowest BMD lower bound confidence limits of cumulative cadmium intake were 0.7-0.9g (benchmark response=5%). The BMD lower bound confidence limits of cumulative cadmium intake were lower than the critical standard previously reported. Further evaluations are needed for sufficient health protection.
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| 4. |
- Guo, Zhiming, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid enrichment detection of patulin and alternariol in apple using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy with coffee-ring effect
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Elsevier. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patulin (PAT) and alternariol (AOH) are the main mycotoxin contaminants in fruits and their products, which have great toxic effects on human body due to their teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. This study proposed a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology combining chemometrics and coffee-ring effect to build high-throughput label-free detection models for PAT and AOH. A stable coffee ring structure was built by optimizing the drying temperature and droplet volume. Comparing the partial least squares (PLS) models grounded on variables selection method, the best performance was obtained by using synergy interval (Si) and genetic algorithm (GA) for PAT (R-c = 0.9905, R-p = 0.9759) and AOH (R-c = 0.9829, R-p = 0.9808), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) for PAT and AOH were as low as 1 mu g L-1, and the recovery rates were 92.80%-114.83% with relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.86 for PAT and 82.06%-108.13% with RSD <= 2.28% for AOH. The SERS technology combined with chemometrics and coffee-ring effect holds promise for high-throughput label-free detection of PAT and AOH in fruits and their products.
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| 5. |
- He, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18-m depth profiles at 20–50-cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi-arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant-derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep-soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole-soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of PI-5-CA/C-SWCNT Nanohybrid for Sensitive Detection of E. coli O157:H7 From the Real Sample
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2646. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox activity is an important indicator for evaluating electrochemical biosensors. In this work, we have successfully polymerized indole-5-carboxylic acid into poly-5-carboxyindole nanomaterials (PI-5-CA), using its superior redox activity, and introduced carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (C-SWCNTs) to synthesize a composite material. Finally, a synthesized composite material was used for the modification of the glass carbon electrode to fabricate the PI-5-CA/C-SWCNTs/GCE-based immunosensor and was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7. The fabricated immunosensor exhibited an outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of E. coli O157:H7 with a remarkably lowest limit of detection (2.5 CFU/ml, LOD = 3 SD/k, n = 3) and has a wide linear range from 2.98x10(1) to 2.98x10(7) CFU/ml. Inspired from the excellent results, the fabricated electrode was applied for the detection of bacteria from real samples (water samples) with a good recovery rate (98.13-107.69%) as well as an excellent stability and specificity. Owing to its simple preparation, excellent performance, and detection time within 30 min, our proposed immunosensor will open a new horizon in different fields for the sensitive detection of bacteria from real samples.
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| 7. |
- Xie, Wenjing, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected Dioxin Formation During Digestion of Soil with Oxidizing Acids
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:39, s. 14717-14725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dioxins, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), are among the most toxic unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants, and their emission is of great concern. Herein, we discovered abundant dioxin formation in soil and various organic carbon-containing matrices after digestion with aqua regia. Sigma 17PCDD/Fs concentrations were in the range of 66.6-142,834 pg/g dw (5.6-17,021 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g dw) in 19 soil samples after digestion with aqua regia for 6 h. Sigma 17PCDD/Fs concentration was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon content (R-2 = 0.89; p < 0.01). Compared with cellulose and lignin, humic acid served as an important organic matter component that was converted to PCDD/Fs during soil digestion. Strong oxidation and production of reactive chlorine by aqua regia may be the key factors in the formation of PCDD/Fs. The yearly emission of PCDD/Fs due to digestion with strong acids by the inspection and testing industry was estimated to be 83.8 g TEQ in China in 2021 based on the highest level, which was similar to 0.9% of the total dioxin inventory in China. Great attention should be paid to unexpected dioxin formation during digestion processes considering the potential risk of release from laboratories and enterprises.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Di, et al.
(författare)
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Soil water infiltration characteristics of reforested areas in the paleo-periglacial eastern Liaoning mountainous regions, China
- 2024
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Ingår i: Catena. - 0341-8162. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plantation forests (PF) and natural secondary forests (NSF) are the primary reforestation approaches. The establishment of PF can affect forest hydrological processes by changing soil structure. To date, few studies have focused on these changes and the effects on hydrological processes for the paleo-periglacial landform. To reveal reforestation approaches effects on water infiltration, including soil water infiltration capacity, retention capacity, and waterflow path pattern, we conducted field dye-tracer investigations with rainfall and laboratory infiltration experiments for the paleo-periglacial landform of eastern Liaoning mountains, China. The results showed that (1) Soil physical properties (including total porosity (TP), capillary porosity (CP), non-capillary porosity (NCP), initial soil water content (IWC), field water capacity (FWC)) and root abundance (RA) decreased with soil depth in both PF and NSF, while the soil bulk density (BD) and distribution of gravel content showed opposite changes. (2) Establishment of PF reduced the infiltration capacity and water retention capacity in the 0–20 cm layer, but enhanced the water retention capacity in 20–30 cm layer. Low IWC was conducive to increase soil water content (SWC) after infiltration. (3) Infiltration capacity parameters (including saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), SWC, difference between SWC and IWC (SWC–IWC), dye coverage ratio (DC)) were significantly correlated with BD, TP, CP, NCP, FWC, and fine roots RA (P < 0.05). Better connectivity gravels were more conducive to water infiltration. (4) Preferential flow was the main infiltration type, but with different waterflow paths pattern, with the 'funnel', 'finger' shape for PF, NSF, respectively. Increasing infiltration could increase flow path connectivity. Our findings show that soil physical properties, roots, and gravel occurrence affected soil infiltration, and different reforestation approaches had varying impacts on soil infiltration, water redistribution, transportation, and storage of surface and groundwater, improving the understanding of ecohydrological processes and effects of water resources management in forest ecosystems of paleo-periglacial landform.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Yi-Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Ginkgo mature foliage in China
- 2010
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Ingår i: TREE GENET GENOMES. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-2942 .- 1614-2950. ; 6:3, s. 357-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginkgo biloba L. is a tree native to China, which has large importance within medicine and horticulture. The extracts from Ginkgo mature leaves with rich flavonoids and terpenoids are commonly used for a variety of folk remedies. We constructed a cDNA library derived from mature leaves of Ginkgo, which consisted of 8.12 x 10(5) clones with the insert length of 500-2,000 bp. We performed an analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and obtained partial sequences from 2,039 clones, which represented 1,437 unigenes consisting of 249 contigs and 1,188 singletons. The 2,039 ESTs were submitted to GenBank (dbEST) at NCBI and were assigned GenBank accession numbers from GE647881 to GE649919. The 1,235 cDNA clones out of 2,039 (60.1%) were assigned putative functions, and the remaining 804 clones were not similar to any known gene sequences in the databases. The five largest categories of Ginkgo clones were: "energy" (19.4%), "disease/defense" (16%), "metabolism" (11.3%), "unclassified proteins" (12.5%), and "secondary metabolism" (9%). The highly expressed transcripts in the cDNA library were some genes related to photosynthesis, disease/defense, and flavonoid biosynthesis, including ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase small-chain gene, pathogenesis-related protein gene, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem gene, catalase gene, and phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase gene et al. Many genes with ESTs similar to photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and stress-response genes were characterized. The analysis of ESTs indicates that it is a useful approach for isolating Ginkgo genes homologous to known genes. Our results provide new information about mature leaf-specific transcripts of Ginkgo.
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| 10. |
- Groenen, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 491:7424, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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