| 1. |
- Cohen, Judah, et al.
(författare)
-
ARCTIC CHANGE AND POSSIBLE INFLUENCE ON MID-LATITUDE CLIMATE AND WEATHER - A US CLIVAR White Paper
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the mid 20th century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). These profound changes to the Arctic system have coincided with a period of ostensibly more frequent events of extreme weather across the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes, including extreme heat and rainfall events and recent severe winters. Though winter temperatures have generally warmed since 1960 over mid-to-high latitudes, the acceleration in the rate of warming at high-latitudes, relative to the rest of the NH, started approximately in 1990. Trends since 1990 show cooling over the NH continents, especially in Northern Eurasia. The possible link between Arctic change and mid-latitude climate and weather has spurred a rush of new observational and modeling studies. A number of workshops held during 2013-2014 have helped frame the problem and have called for continuing and enhancing efforts for improving our understanding of Arctic-mid-latitude linkages and its attribution to the occurrence of extreme climate and weather events. Although these workshops have outlined some of the major challenges and provided broad recommendations, further efforts are needed to synthesize the diversified research results to identify where community consensus and gaps exist. Building upon findings and recommendations of the previous workshops, the US CLIVAR Working Group on Arctic Change and Possible Influence on Mid-latitude Climate and Weather convened an international workshop at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, on February 1-3, 2017. Experts in the fields of atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere sciences assembled to assess the rapidly evolving state of understanding, identify consensus on knowledge and gaps in research, and develop specific actions to accelerate progress within the research community. With more than 100 participants, the workshop was the largest and most comprehensive gathering of climate scientists to address the topic to date. In this white paper, we synthesize and discuss outcomes from this workshop and activities involving many of the working group members.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Kärrman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
PFASs in the Nordic environment : Screening of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF) in the Nordic Environment
- 2019
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group. A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Yinru, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
Session comparison measurement and learning in masquerading detection
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In applying command sequence matching to detect masquerading attack, the first important step is to build a user's profile for characterizing normal behavior. In this paper, we proposed a new approach which applies the comparison of arbitrary length of sessions to distinguish users. In this approach, a session is regarded as an integral comparison unit. This method makes it possible to locate command matches in historical command data for long sequences. The testing results show that the method can be used in creating a user's profile. Further, it will pave the road for future work in applying data mining technology to detect potential masqueraders.
|
|
