| 1. |
- Wang, Xun, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving Capital Account Convertibility in China
- 2011
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Ingår i: China Economic Journal. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1753-8971 .- 1753-8963. ; 4:1, s. 25-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China has been delaying the plan of achieving capital account convertibility since the Asian financial crisis, although restrictions on capital flows have been reduced steadily, confirmed by the falling Capital Account Control Index. Current restrictions exist mainly for cross-border portfolio investment, debt financing and outward direct investment (ODI). Effectiveness of these restrictions, however, has been declining over time. While capital controls probably helped support domestic financial stability in the past, their potential costs are rising quickly, evidenced by losing independence of the monetary policy. China already possesses a range of favorable conditions for capital account liberalization, including stable macroeconomic situation, healthy fiscal and financial systems, and strong external accounts. Some of these conditions may be reversed in the coming years. Therefore, China should probably try to achieve basic capital account convertibility within the next three to five years. This requires, among others, establishment of market-based interest rates and exchange rates. The authorities could probably remove restrictions on debt financing and ODI quickly. For the more volatile portfolio investment, they could retain the existing qualified foreign institutional investor and qualified domestic institutional investor schemes, with significantly increased quotas but substantially reduced restrictions during the transition period.
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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Gu, Limin, et al.
(författare)
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Case Studies on the Use of Technology in TPD (Teacher Professional Development)
- 2012
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Ingår i: US-China Education Review. A. - : David Publishing Company. - 2161-623X .- 1548-6613 .- 1930-1529. ; 2:3, s. 278-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the progress of a three-year cooperative project investigating the current state of TPD (teacher professional development) in Sweden and China in the area of TPD and ICT (information and communication technologies) is summarized. A brief introduction to the field of TPD is given, and thereafter, ICT is related to what in the project is referred to as TETPD (Technology Enhanced Teacher Professional Development). Thereafter, the project as such is given a short presentation, followed by findings regarding policies and initiatives related to TETPD in Sweden and China for investigating the current state of TETPD in each country respectively. The framework for investigating TETPD is presented, and four Chinese and four Swedish cases are compared to some facets showing differences in models for TETPD in the two countries.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Yiping, et al.
(författare)
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Financial liberalization and the middle-income trap : What can China learn from the cross-country experience?
- 2014
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier. - 1043-951X. ; 31, s. 426-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Should China accelerate financial liberalization in order to avoid the middle-income trap? And, if the answer is yes, which specific reform steps should the government undertake? In this study we attempt to shed light on these questions by examining experiences of 80 countries during the period 1980-2010. Empirical analyses reveal that the growth effect of financial repression is insignificant among low-income economies, significantly negative among middle-income economies and significantly positive among high-income economies. Furthermore, for the middle-income group, repressive policies on credit, bank entry, securities market and the capital account significantly inhibit economic growth. In the meantime, law and order promotes growth among all income groups, while democracy has no impact whatsoever. We also validate these findings through a range of robustness checks. These findings offer important policy implications for China.
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