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| 2. |
- You, Xiaohu, et al.
(författare)
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Towards 6G wireless communication networks: vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science China Information Sciences. - : Science Press. - 1674-733X .- 1869-1919. ; 64:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized, such as mass connectivity, ultra-reliability, and guaranteed low latency. However, 5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond, and sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligence level and security, etc. To meet these requirements, 6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies, i.e., air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture, such as waveform design, multiple access, channel coding schemes, multi-antenna technologies, network slicing, cell-free architecture, and cloud/fog/edge computing. Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts. First, to satisfy the requirement of global coverage, 6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks, which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks, thus achieving a space-air-ground-sea integrated communication network. Second, all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density, including the sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and optical frequency bands. Third, facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks, diverse communication scenarios, large numbers of antennas, wide bandwidths, and new service requirements, 6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies. Fourth, network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks. This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects. Clearly, 6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears.
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- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Cao, Huiming, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:5, s. 3214-3224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pharmacokinetic characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect their distribution and bioaccumulation in biological systems. The enterohepatic circulation leads to reabsorption of certain chemicals from bile back into blood and the liver and thus influences their elimination, yet its influence on PFAS bioaccumulation remains unclear. We explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in PFAS bioaccumulation by examining tissue distribution of various PFAS in wild fish and a rat model. Computational models were used to determine the reabsorbed fractions of PFAS by calculating binding affinities of PFAS for key transporter proteins of enterohepatic circulation. The results indicated that higher concentrations were observed in blood, the liver, and bile compared to other tissues for some PFAS in fish. Furthermore, exposure to a PFAS mixture on the rat model showed that the reabsorption phenomenon appeared during 8-12 h for most long-chain PFAS. Molecular docking calculations suggest that PFAS can bind to key transporter proteins via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further regression analysis adds support to the hypothesis that binding affinity of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter is the most important variable to predict the human half-lives of PFAS. This study demonstrated the critical role of enterohepatic circulation in reabsorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS.
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| 5. |
- Peng, Shi-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced motor cortex GABABR function following chronic alcohol exposure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:2, s. 383-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GABA(B) receptor (GABA(B)R) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABA(B)R dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from mice chronically exposed to alcohol revealed a reduction in GABA(B)R-mediated currents, as well as a decrease of GABA(B1/2)R and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) activities in the motor cortex. Moreover, our data indicated that these alterations could be attributed to dephosphorylation at the site of serine 783 (ser-783) in GABA(B2) subunit, which regulates the surface expression of GABA(B)R. Furthermore, a human study using paired-pulse-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) analysis further demonstrated a reduced cortical inhibition mediated by GABA(B)R in patients with AUD. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure is associated with significantly impaired cortical GABA(B)R function. The ability to promote GABA(B)R signaling may account for the therapeutic efficacy of baclofen in AUD.
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| 6. |
- Clarke, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Non-fullerene acceptor photostability and its impact on organic solar cell lifetime
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Physical Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3864. ; 2:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has facilitated the realization of efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with minimal burn-in losses and excellent long-term stability. However, the role of NFA molecular structures on device stability remains unclear, limiting commercialization of NFA-based OSCs. Herein, the photostability of 10 OSC devices, fabricated with various NFAs (O-IDTBR, EH-IDTBR, ITIC, and ITIC-M) blended with donor polymers (PTB7-Th, PffBT4T-2OD, and PBDB-T), is investigated. O-IDTBR and EH-IDTBR form highly stable devices with all three polymers, whereas ITIC and ITIC-M devices suffer from burn-in losses and long-term degradation. Conformational instability is found to be responsible for the poor photostability of ITIC and ITIC-M, resulting in poor device stability. Twisting and potential breakage of the chemical bond that links the end group to the main backbone of ITIC and ITIC-M molecules causes undesirable conformational changes. Potential strategies to overcome such detrimental photo-induced conformational changes in NFAs are proposed.
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| 8. |
- Gao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Trap-Induced Losses in Hybrid Photovoltaics
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 8:4, s. 3213-3221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the loss mechanisms in hybrid photovoltaics based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) with CdSe nanocrystals of various sizes. By combining the spectroscopic and electrical measurements on working devices as well as films, we identify that high trap-mediated recombination is responsible for the loss of photogenerated charge carriers in devices with small nanocrystals. In addition, we demonstrate that the reduced open-circuit voltage for devices with small nanocrystals is also caused by the traps.
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| 9. |
- Mei, Antonio B., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption-controlled growth and properties of epitaxial SnO films
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2475-9953. ; 3:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When it comes to providing the unusual combination of optical transparency, p-type conductivity, and relatively high mobility, Sn2+-based oxides are promising candidates. Epitaxial films of the simplest Sn2+ oxide, SnO, are grown in an adsorption-controlled regime at 380 degrees C on Al2O3 substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy, where the excess volatile SnOx desorbs from the film surface. A commensurately strained monolayer and an accompanying van der Waals gap is observed near the substrate interface, promoting layers with high structural perfection notwithstanding a large epitaxial lattice mismatch (-12%). The unintentionally doped films exhibit p-type conductivity with carrier concentration 2.5 x 10(16) cm(-3) and mobility 2.4 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1) at room temperature. Additional physical properties are measured and linked to the Sn2+ valence state and corresponding lone-pair charge-density distribution.
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| 10. |
- Qian, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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A cloud service platform integrating additive and subtractive manufacturing with high resource efficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing has been studied for years, yet commercial implementations are still limited. The recent advances in information technology have stimulated the free sharing of additive and subtractive manufacturing (A/SM) resources through cloud services. Currently, due to the lack of a general method to model manufacturing capabilities, as well as the absence of an open platform to integrate business and manufacturing processes, it is difficult to integrate A/SM resources within one platform efficiently and seamlessly. In this research, a service encapsulation model for A/SM resources was described using ontology modeling technique. A collaborative cloud platform integrating A/SM was designed that can provide optimal production plans considering time, cost, quality, and energy waste during manufacturing. The proposed platform and models were demonstrated by a prototype system and tested in a case study, which showed the integrated platform can increase the utilization rate of resources while reducing energy consumption. This research has provided a practical tool for virtualization, integration, and configuration of A/SM resource with high efficiency. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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